compartment syndrome

Question 1

what is compartment syndrome?

Answer 1

raised pressure within a closed anatomical space → compromise tissue perfusion → necrosis

Question 2

when does compartment syndrome occur?

Answer 2

following fractures (or following ischaemia reperfusion injury in vascular pts)

Question 3

what are the 2 main fractures that can lead to compartment syndrome?

Answer 3

• supracondylar fractures

- tibial shaft injuries

Question 4

what are the features of compartment syndrome?

Answer 4

• Pain (especially on movement, even passive)
• Parasthesiae
• Pallor
• Arterial pulsation may still be felt as the necrosis occurs as a result of microvascular compromise
• Paralysis of the muscle grou

Question 5

does presence of a pulse rule of compartment syndrome?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

how is a dx of compartment syndrome made?

Answer 6

measure intracompartmental pressure

>20mmHg = abnormal
>40mmHg = diagnostic

Question 7

how is compartment syndrome treated?

Answer 7

prompt and extensive fasciotomies

Question 8

what can occur following fasciotomy and what should be given?

Answer 8

myoglobinuria which can result in renal failure

give aggressive IV fluids

Question 9

what should be done for necrotic muscle groups at fasciotomy?

Answer 9

debrided and consider amputation