Competency 15: Number Concepts & Operations Flashcards Preview

Texas Generalist EC-6 Mathematics > Competency 15: Number Concepts & Operations > Flashcards

Flashcards in Competency 15: Number Concepts & Operations Deck (41)
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1
Q

Odd numbers

A

cannot be divided by 2 without having a remainder of 1. A remainder of 0 is not possible when dividing an odd number by 2. EX) 9,21,35

2
Q

Even numbers

A

Can be divided by 2 with no remainder. EX) 2,4,16

3
Q

Prime numbers

A

Have exactly 2 numbers that divide them evenly, 1 and the actual number itself. 1 is not considered prime & 2 is the only even prime #. EX) 3,7,11.

4
Q

Composite numbers

A

Have more than exactly 2 numbers that divide them evenly Ex) 4,15,49

5
Q

Number operations

A

Adding, subtracting, multiplying or dividing.

6
Q

Integers

A

Set of whole numbers and their opposites.. The number line can be used to represent a set of these. Positive & negative whole numbers. Ex) +5, -13,+23,-1258

7
Q

Rational Numbers

A

Real number that can be expressed as a ratio of integers/ in the form: a/b where “a” and “b” are integers and “b” does not equal 0. They can be expressed as fractions, decimals, and integers. Decimals are either terminating or repeating. Ex) 24, since 48/2; 5.2, since 26/5; 0.777…, since 7/9. 5=5/1, 25=1/4, .333=1/3. 2.40 (represents a fixed # of digits), 1/7=0.142857142857 (Contains a repeating decimal part)
3.14159265..(pie) is not one, since the decimal does not begin to repeat from some point.

8
Q

Algorithm

A

Step-by-step procedure used to get a certain result, often with several steps that repeat. Adding two numbers together is one kind.

9
Q

Whole Numbers

A

The counting numbers and 0 (0,1,2,3,4,5…)

10
Q

Place Value

A

The location of a digit within a number determines its value.
Ex) Ones place-8
Tens place-80
Hundreds place-800

11
Q

Expanded Form

A

The sum of a number’s place values: 1,729=1000+700+20+9.

12
Q

Rounding

A

Estimating the closest number to a given whole number, with all zeros to the right of the desired place value. Ex) 17 rounded to nearest ten is 20.

13
Q

Commutative Property

A

Changing the order of numbers being added or multiplied gives the same answer (12+7 is the same as 7+12 & 3x9 same as 9x3.)

14
Q

Associative Property

A

The grouping of numbers in addition or multiplication does not change the answer, such as (2 X 4) X 3 = 2 X (4 X 3)

15
Q

Distributive Property

A

Multiplication and division may be distributed over addition and subtraction. 10 X (50+3)=(10X50)+ (10X3) and (30-18) / 3 = 30/3 - 18/3.

16
Q

Zero Property of Addition

A

Adding 0 to a number equals the original number. (43+0=43)

17
Q

Zero Property of Multiplication

A

Multiplying a number by 0 equals 0. (43 X 0=0)

18
Q

Irrational Numbers

A

Values that can not be expressed as a ratio of 2 integers. Always non-terminating & non-repeating. Ex) 5.347658953 (no repeating #s)
I=R-Q

19
Q

T o F: Each real number can be expressed in either a decimal or a fractional form.

A

True

20
Q

Decimal Numbers

A

Contain a decimal point that separates the place value of ones from tenths. Can also contain commas that underline other place values. EX) 2,300.34. 0.4553. 444,456.09. Often used to indicate the number of significant figures.

21
Q

Fractional Numbers

A

Do not contain decimal points. They have a division bat either horizontal or slashed (a/b). The number a is the numerator & the number b is the denominator. A fraction is expressed Numerator/Denominator. A fractional form is not defined if the denominator is 0.

22
Q

Fractions can be classified as…

A

1) Proper
2) Improper
3) Mixed number

23
Q

Proper fraction

A

if a

24
Q

Improper fraction

A

if a>b. Ex) 6/4, 7/2

25
Q

Mixed number

A

Contains a whole number and a proper fraction. 2 2/3, -5 1/7

26
Q

Natural numbers

A

Denoted by N where N=(1,2,3,4,…) The minimum value is 1 and they increase in value by 1. Infinite. Sometimes called positive or non-negative.

27
Q

Whole Numbers

A

Adding zero to the set of natural numbers produces a set of these denote by W where W=(0,1,2,3,4…). Infinite.

28
Q

Integers

A

Whole numbers with their opposites denoted by Z where Z=(…-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4…) Infinite & doesn’t have max or min values.

29
Q

Rational Numbers

A

Contain numbers that can be converted into decimal forms that terminate or contain fixed repeated parts. Denoted by Q. (-10, -1, -1/2,0,3.4,10) Can be placed on a number line & can be positive or negative.

30
Q

Quantity can be expressed as a…

A

fraction or a decimal. Ex) Mass of 1/20 kilogram=1/20kg, 60 mph, 3.5h.

31
Q

To convert a decimal to a fraction

A

identify the place value of the last digit in the decimal. Then create a fraction by placing the digits portion in the numerator and the place value as the denominator. EX) 3.2=3 & 2 10ths= 3 2/10 = 3 1/5. 2.04=2 & 4 hundredths=2 4/100 = 2 1/25. 0.027=27 thousandths=27/1000 (cannot simplify)

32
Q

To convert a fraction to a decimal

A

2 options:

1) If the numerator is a multiple of 10 (10, 100, 1,000), then simply place the digits behind the decimal so the last digit is in the correct place. Ex) 5/10=6.5. 23/50=46/100=0.46. 2/1000=0.002.
2) If the numerator is not a multiple of 10, then divide the numerator by the denominator to get the decimal. Ex) 8 3/15= 8.2. 1/3=0.333. 1/4=0.25.

33
Q

Percent

A

Or part of 100, represents a ratio of part of a quantity with reference to the whole value. EX) A class contains 25 students. If 20 students are present, express that in terms of percent. (Part/Whole Quantity=20/25, then multiply the ratio by 100: 20/25 x 100=80, thus 80% of students are present.

34
Q

Converting fractions to a percent

A

Percent means per hundred, so a fraction can be expressed out of 100. Ex) 5/100=5%, 46/100=46%, 2/100=2%

35
Q

Converting decimals to a percent

A

Percent can also be thought of as 2 decimal places behind the decimal (the hundredths place). A decimal is multiplied by 100 by moving the decimal two places right.
Ex) 0.25 X 100=25%
0.30 X 100=30%

36
Q

Concerting percent to decimals

A

Divide by 100 by moving the decimal 2 places left.
Ex) 46% / 100 = 0.46
2%/100=0.02

37
Q

Relative Percent Change

A

(Final Value-Initial Value/Final Value) X 100%
Ex) due to a heavy rain, a water level in a tank raised from 1.2m to 1.5m. Calculate percent change. Initial value=1.2m & final value=1.5m. (1.5-1.2/1.5) x 100=20%

38
Q

Relative Percent Error

A

(Expected value-measured value/expected value) x 100%. Ex) a student measured acceleration due to gravity to be 9.0m/s2. If the accepted value is 9.8m/s2, calculate percent error. Accepted value=9.8m/s2 Measured value=(9.0m/s2.
9.8/s2-9.0m/s2/9.8m/s2) x 100%=8.2%

39
Q

Roots

A

Zeros of a function
Solutions of an algebraic equation
Results of exponentiation when the exponent is a fractional proper or improper.

40
Q

Power

A

An expression of the form a^b, where a is called the base and b is the exponent/power. If exponent is whole #, then it tells how many times the base must be multiplied by itself to evaluate the power. ex) 4^3=4x4x4=64. y^2-y x y.

41
Q

Scientific Notation

A

Used to express very large or very small quantities by applying a power with the base of 10. a x b^n where:
a is called the magnitude of the value: -10<a></a>