Compounding Exercise No 7 & 8 Flashcards by M.A.Lance Evangelista

Compounding Exercise no. 7 name is:

Glycerin Suppositories

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Compounding Exercise no. 7 API and chemical formula:

API: Glycerin (CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH )

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A trihydric alcohol, water-soluble, clear, almost
colorless, odorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid
with a high boiling point

API: Glycerin (CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH )

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Glycerin (CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH ) use:

Laxative

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Compounding Exercise no. 7 excipients and chemical name and formula, use:

Excipient: Stearic acid - n- octadecanoic acid (C18H36O2) used as solidifying agent
Sodium carbonate – stiffening agent

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Compounding Exercise no. 7 Raw materials and standard formula:

Glycerin 80 g
Monohydrate Na2CO3 2 g
Stearic acid 8 g
Purified water 10 ml
To make 100 g

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Compounding Exercise no. 7
Dosage form:
Method use:

Suppositories
Fusion Method

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Compounding Exercise no. 7
DULCR:

Description: bullet-shaped, white insert
Use/s: rectal suppositories as laxative for mild to moderate
constipation
Label: Red
Container: Aluminum foil packed in Ziploc bags
Remarks: Patients should not use laxative products longer than 1
week unless directed by a physician. Store in temperature not
exceeding 8 °C. Keep out of reach of children.

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Too much use of laxative may cause?

Diarrhea

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Glycerol kinase deficiency -

hyperglycerolemia

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medicated, solid bodies of various sizes and shapes suitable
for introduction into body cavities.

Suppositories

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Suppositories
- medicated, solid bodies of various sizes and shapes suitable
for introduction into body cavities. The medicament is
incorporated into a base such as ___________which melts at
body temperature, or into one such as _____________n or
_____________ which slowly dissolves in the mucous
secretions

Cocoa butter, Glycerinated gelatin, PEG

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Common types of suppositories and their weight:

Rectal – 2 g and 1g
Vaginal – 3 to 5 g
Urethral -4 g and 2 g

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Synonym of the said suppositories:

Rectal suppositories
Pessaries
Bougies

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Length of the said suppositories:

32 mm (cylindrical on one or both ends)

M- 140 mm; f- 70 MM

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Shapes of the said suppositories:

Bullet-shaped, cylindrical, little finger
Globular, oviform, cone-shaped
Slender pencil-like shape

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Examples of the said suppositories:

Bisacodyl
Policresulen (Albothyl)
Alprostadil microsuppository

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tx of gynecological infection

Policresulen

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for erectile dysfunction

Alprostadil microsuppository

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Compounding Exercise no. 7
Bases:

Oleaginous (fatty) bases
Water soluble or miscible bases
Miscellaneous Bases

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Oleginous bases with their distinctions:

Cocoa butter
- polymorphic base- ability to exist in different crystalline forms
- Gamma- 18 degress C
- Alpha- 22 degrees celsius
- Beta prime - 28 degrees celsius
- Beta polymorph- 34.5 degrees celsius
Wecobee- coconut oil
Witepsol - lauric acid
Fattibase- triglycerides of palm, palm kernel, & coconut oil

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most common & a good base for rectal supp.

Cocoa butter

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self-emulsifying glyceral monestearic and polyoxydyl stearic

Fattibase

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Water soluble or miscible bases:

Glycerinated gelatin
Polyethylene glycol bases

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common for vaginal suppositories can be for rectal and urethral

Glycerinated gelatin

Polyethylene bases - polymer of

oxide and water

do not melt at body temp. but dissolve in bodies fluid

Polyethylene glycol bases

should contain at least 20% H2O to avoid from mucous membrane

Polyethylene glycol bases

Miscellaneous bases and distinctions:

Polyoxyl-40 stearate - mix. monostearate and distearate esters of mixed polyoxyl ethylenediols and free glycols - 39-45 degrees celsius

- preformed emulsion (w/o); ability cooled water and aq. soln

Miscellaneous base

melting of Polyoxyl-40-stearate?

39-45 degrees celsius

bases should be: * ____________, ________, inert, _____ with medicaments, and easily formed by _____ or molding * dissolve or disintegrate in the presence of _______ or ___________________ to allow for the release of the medication.

non-toxic, nonirritating, compatible, compression mucous secretions, melt at body temp.

Compounding Exercise no. 7 Methods of Preparation:

Hand rolling Compression Fusion

It has the advantage of avoiding the necessity of heating the cocoa butter oldest and simplest

Hand rolling

* Mixture is forced into a special compression mold; Useful for heat labile drugs

Compression

Melted mixture (drug and base) are poured into mold using mineral oil as lubricant

Fusion method

PACKAGING * Glycerin suppositories and glycerinated gelatin suppositories * Cocoa butter suppositories * Suppositories containing photosensitive drugs

- tightly closed containers - individually wrapper or compartment boxes - individually wrapped in opaque materials (alum foil)

STORAGE ❖ glycerinated gelatin suppositories ❖ Cocoa butter suppositories ❖ PEG suppositories

- controlled room temp. - 20-25 - below 30, refrigerator- 2-8 - room temp.

increase humidity:

absorb moisture; spongy texture

increase dryness:

lose moisture. brittle

Compounding exercise no. 7 Determination of amount of BASE to be used

* (a) dosage replacement factor * (b) density factor * (c) occupied volume methods

→A portion of the suppository base is melted, poured into the suppository mold and allowed to congeal. The suppositories are removed from the mold, and the total weight of the suppositories is determined.

Determine the weight of the blank suppository (Mold Calibration)

Compounding Exercise no. 8A: API and use:

API: Calamine is Zinc oxide and 0.5% Fe2o3 as protectant, astringent Glycerin as humectant

Compounding Exercise no. 8A: Raw materials and standard formula:

Calamine 80 g Zinc oxide 80 g Glycerin 20 mL Bentonite magma 250 mL Calcium Hydroxide Solution, q.s. ad. 1000 mL

Compounding Exercise no. 8A: name is:

Rx1 – Calamine Lotion

Compounding Exercise no. 8A: Excipients and use:

Excipients: Bentonite magma as suspending agent Calcium hydroxide as vehicle, astringent

Compounding exercise no. 8A: Dosage form: Method use:

Suspension Dispersion Method

Compounding exercise no. 8A: DULCRB:

Description: Creamy pink suspension Use/s: Anti-pruritic Label: Red with shake well instruction Container: wide mouth amber bottle Remarks: Keep in a cool dry place away at room temperature. Avoid freezing Beyond use date: 14 days

are aqueous liquid or sometimes alcoholic preparation containing insoluble materials in the form of suspension or emulsion intended for external application without rubbing.

Lotions

an o/w emulsion with a high water content to give the preparation a liquid consistency can be considered a

lotion

2 types of lotions and their use:

Medicated; exert effects/ calamine lotion Cosmetic; OTC, for hydration and moisturization

contain one or more active ingredients and a suitable vehicle and are used for the treatment of skin diseases, or as an antiseptics, anti-pruritics, antibacterial.

Medicated lotions

Medicated lotions contain one or more active ingredients and a suitable vehicle and are used for the treatment of skin diseases, or as an:

antiseptics, anti-pruritics, antibacterial.

most lotions are _____________________ systems; small amounts of alcohol are added to aid solubilization of the active ingredient(s) and to hasten evaporation of the solvent from the skin surface

Aqueous or hydroalcoholic

Compounding Exercise no. 8A: Methods of preparations:

Dispersion By chemical interaction Simple solution

Triturating the ingredients to a smooth paste (___________) and then cautiously adding the remaining liquid phase (with the use of high speed mixers and homogenizers)

Dispersion/ Levigation

Dispersion example:

Calamine lotion

preferred electronic mixers for suspensions and semisolids

Unguator

- Double decomposition method (AB+CD= AC+BD)

By Chemical interaction

By chemical interaction examples:

White lotion ZnSO4 + Sulfurated potash (K2S3) →ZnS + 2S + K2SO4

in which the active ingredient is a water soluble substance

Simple solution

Simple solution example:

Dimethisoquin hydrochloride lotion

Stability of Lotion * ____, ____, ____ can be used in place of _______________ as suspending agent

CMC- Carboxy methyl cellulose MCC- Micro crystalline cellulose HPMC- Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose Bentonite magma

may be added in liquid products to aid the API retain its desirable properties.

Stabilizing agents

Stabilizing agents may be added in liquid products to aid the API retain its desirable properties. This includes the gelling agents such as :

Cellulose, MSS, CMC

Compounding exercise no. 8B: Name is:

Camphor and Soap Liniment

Compounding exercise no. 8B: Raw materials and standard formula:

Camphor in small pieces 215 g Soap, dried and granulated 60 g Rosemary oil 10 mL Alcohol 700 mL Purified water, q.s. ad. 1L

Compounding exercise no. 8B: API and distinctions:

Camphor - terpenoid found in woof of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) Soap- sodium of potassium salt of fatty acids - thickener and emulsifier Rosemary oil- stimulate hair growth, reduce pain, scent

Compounding exercise no. 8B: Excipient and use:

Alcohol- solvent

Compounding exercise no. 8B: Dosage form: Method use:

Solutions Simple solution

Compounding exercise no. 8B: DULCR:

Description: whitish, opaque liquid with mentholated odor of camphor Use/s: Rubefacient, counter irritant Label: Red label Container: Clear or Flint bottle Remarks: Do not apply on broken skin

alcoholic or oleaginous solutions or emulsions of various medicinal substances intended to be rubbed to the skin

Liniments

Liniments are once called?

Embrocations

vehicles of liniments

Fixed oils

Liniments uses labels such as:

For external use, Shake well

Liniments are applied to?

Intact skin

Compounding exercise no. 8B: is used for their ff actions:

Rubefacient Counterirritant Astringent

irritation and reddening of the skin due to increased blood flow

Rubefacient

produce surface irritation of the skin resulting to counteracting underlying pain or discomfort

Counterirritant

cause contraction of skin cells and other body tissues.

Astringents

Common ingredients of Liniments

Menthol, Camphor, Methyl salicylate

Herbs of liniments:

St John’s Wort, Comfrey, Willowbark, Cayenne, Arnica, Chamomile, Turpentine oil

source of salicylic acid

Willowbark