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computer networks Flashcards

1
Q

kernel

A

tells you where to find operating system

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2
Q

network

A

2 or more devices(nodes) connected by some type of communications channel

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3
Q

node

A

any device connected to the network
-user device
-switch -connect nodes to each other
-router-connect to internet
-service device - printer or server

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4
Q

types of communication channel

A

bounded or unbounded(wireless)

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5
Q

server

A

computer designed to act as central network computer that provides various resources (network security, hardware access, disk space, printer access.

has software which manages logins and user access to computers on network

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6
Q

area eg school.office buildings network name (limited )

A

LAN , local area network

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7
Q

network name city

A

metropolitan area network (MAN)

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8
Q

network name large company

A

wide area network (WAN)

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9
Q

worldwide WAN

A

global area netwok

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10
Q

network individual eg hot spot

A

personal area network pan

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11
Q

network name home

A

home are network

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12
Q

router

A

small electronic device
joins networks together through wired or wireless connections

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13
Q

types of networks

A

LAN,MAN,WAN,GAN,PAN,HAN

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14
Q

cloud computing

A

makes use of computing services like storage,databases,software,networking and over the internet “the cloud”

only pay for services you use

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15
Q

cloud competing

A

making use of competing services like storage, databases, software, networking + more over internet “the cloud”

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16
Q

types of nodes

A

devices that users use (laptop,desktop,mobile device)
devices to connect nodes to each other (switch)
device to connect to internet (router)
device to provide service (server or printer)

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17
Q

switch

A

connect nodes in network using communication media such as cables.
node connected to ports in switch

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18
Q

3 parts of communication media

A
  1. hardware - source or sender
  2. hardware- destination or receiver
  3. connection between source + destination
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19
Q

what is the connection between source and destination

A

communication channel or transmission medium

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20
Q

bandwidth

A

maximum amount of data that it can transfer per unit time (usually bits/sec)

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21
Q

what is the rate that data is transferred over communication channel measured in

A

thousands of bits per second (kilobits per second Kbps)
millions of bits per second (megabits per second Mbps)
billions of bits per second (gigabits per second Kbps)

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22
Q

what is bounded media

A

consist of physical cabling
commonly used for wired LANs

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23
Q

UTP

A

unshielded twisted pair
most common bounded media cabling in small LANs
several pairs of twisted pairs in an outer protective plastic cover
has RJ45 connector on each end (one end to port on device, one end on switch)

24
Q

why are wires twisted

A

eliminate interference from signals on other wires and from other electrical devices

25
attenuation
signal loses strength over distance
26
electro-magnetic interference
signals from other sources (eg machinery) corrupt signals travelling in copper cables near by
27
eavesdropping
signals travelling along copper cables intercepted by outsiders
28
crosstalk
signals in adjacent wires interfere with each other
29
advantages of utp
inexpensive and easy to install supports fast transmission rates widely used and tested can be used in many diff networks
30
disadvantages of UTP
susceptible to interference crosstalk - signals attenuation -distance limitations (repeater used to join 2 long lengths of cables- amplify signal on cable)
31
STP
shielded twisted pair more expensive, bulkier twisted pairs open enclosed in protective foil less affected than UTP by interference
32
fibre optic cable
central glass/plastic core surrounded by several layers of protective materials. cladding used to surround core + reflect light back into core transmits light pulses rather than electronic signals—eliminating interference
33
connector of fibre optic cable
SC connector
34
advantages of fibre optic cable
supports much faster transmission rates - light travels faster than electronic signals more secure than UTP- light signals cannot easily be tapped can transmit longer distances than UTP —light signals dont weaken like electronic signals in copper wires light signals not susceptible to interference unlike electronic signals light signals immune to lightning + electrical surges
35
how is fibre optic cabling used as a backbone
used to join LAN segments in diff buildings together - not affected by lightning
36
unbounded media
no cables, carry signals use air to transmit radio signals such as bluetooth, infrared beams, microwaves, satellites, laser light signals
37
how do wireless signals remain separate
each type of signal uses diff frequency ( Hertz or cycles/sec)
38
microwave transmissions
long distance affected by weather conditions
39
main types of microwave transmissions
terrestrial satellite
40
terrestrial microwaves
land based use line of sight method for transmitting data between 2 anntea can transmit over 50 km (no obstacle)
41
problem w/ copper cables
attenuation electro magnetic interference cross talk eavesdropping
42
disadvantages of fibre optic cables
expensive to purchase and install strict complex installation criteria
43
satellite transmissions
transponders receives signals converts to different frequency boosts signal sends to stations on ground
44
types of satellites
geo stationary- fixed position above earth’s surface and rotate at same speed as earth good for TV broadcasting low orbit-nearer to earths surface,rotate every few hours better for interactive communication
45
radio wave transmissions
short distance can travel through walls and buildings can travel long or short depending on frequency radio,TV.phones - WiFi,bluetooth
46
router in the home
connects all nodes in network to other networks outside the home
47
how to get fibre into your home
fibre optic backbone cable connected from local distribution node to your street fibre connected from distribution box into your home Optical Network Terminal (ONT) connects fibre to router
48
firewall
system designed to prevent unauthorised access to/from private network
49
types of servers
file server-store files to be accessed by network users print server- printers to be shared by computers on network web server+accepts requests for web pages and sends to client machines email server-stores mail and distributes to users proxy server- all web content passes through- disallows access to unauthorised users
50
local vs cloud servers
local-servers located in organisation -company has physical control over set up , no need for internet to access BUT have to pay for setting up and managing cloud- no expensive of continual upgrading. storage can be added,pay for what you use,backed up often BUT no access if no internet connection
51
NAC
network area control can only access network if user login complies w/protocols must authenticate by verifying login information
52
advantages of computer networks
communication file sharing printer and resource sharing centralisation data transfer productivity
53
disadvantages of computer networks
security issues spread of computer viruses cost dependancy on central servers
54
data transfer rate
amount of data that can be transferred between 2 points on a network in a given time
55
problems w copper wires
attenuation electro-magnetic interference eavesdropping cross talk

IT (14 decks)

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