Condition- Nephrotic Syndrome Flashcards
Nephrotic syndrome is characterised by a triad of….
- Proteinuria (>3.5g/24hr)
- Hypoalbuminaemia (<25g/L)
- Oedema
Severe hypercholesterolaemia is also a feature
Nephritic syndrome is characterised by a triad of…
- AKI
- Hypertension
- Active urinary sediment (red cells and red cell casts)
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Minimal Change Disease
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
primary glomerular diseases in MALES membraneous glomerulonephritis
secondary glomerular diseases in FEMALES (due to autoimmune component) DM
List some examples of secondary causes of glomerular disease
- DM- diabetic nephropathy
- Hep B/C
- SLE
- SCD
- Amyloidosis
- Malignancies
- Drugs (NSAIDS)
- HIV
What is the main difference between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?
Nephrotic: proteinuria
Nephritic: haematuria
List some of the symptoms of a patient with nephrotic syndrome
- renal disease
- Hypoalbuminaemia: Swelling of face, abdomen, limbs, vomitting
- Symptoms of underlying cause (DM, SLE etc)
- Symptoms of complications: infection (increased urinary immunoglobulin excretion), thrombosis (increased ATIII, protein C and S excretion), hypocalcaemia, hyperlipidaemia
List some signs of nephrotic syndome on physical examination
Ascites
Oedema
What would you look for in the bloods of someone with the nephrotic syndrome triad
- FBC
- U&E
- LFTs (low albumin)
- ESR/CRP
- Glucose- DM
- Lipid profile- hyperlipidaemia
- Immunoglobulins
- Complement
Which antibodies would you look for to eliminate SLE, goodpastures and Vasculitides as the cause of nephrotic syndrome
- SLE- ANA, anti-dsDNA
- Goodpastures syndrome- anti-glomerular basement antibodies
- Vasculitide- ANCA
List 3 infective organisms that should be ruled at as a cause of nephrotic syndrome
Infections
- group A- Haemolytic sstrep infection
- HBV infection (serology)
- plasmodium malaria (blood film)
List 3 common causes of oedema
- Liver disease
- CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome
