Condition- Prostate Cancer Flashcards
What sort of cancer is prostate cancer?
- Adenocarcinomas arising in the peripheral prostate
Which structures could prostate cancer spread to?
Locally:
- seminal vesicles
- Bladder
- Rectum
But can also spread around body via lymph or haematogenously
List some of the risk factors for developing prostate cancer
ROAD AF
- Age
- Afro-Carribean
- FHx- 2/3x more likely
- Dietary Factors- high fat
- Occupational exposure to cadmium- smelting, in batteries etc.
- Raised testosterone
Describe the epidemiology of prostate cancer (prostate cancer is the ….. most common cancer in males and ….. most common cause of male cancer deaths)
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males
and 2nd most common cause of male cancer deaths
Describe some of the lower urinary tract symptoms of prostate cancer
Usually ASYMPTOMATIC and caught on routine DRE/ PSA test
LUTS symptoms:
- During Urination
- Hesitancy - difficulty initiating a stream
- Poor stream- start, stop
- Terminal dribbling
- Between Urinations
- Increased urgency
- Increased frequency
- Nocturia
- Incontinence
- Dysuria (t stage)
- Haematouria (t stage)
Describe some of the symptoms a patient with prostate cancer may present with that indicate metastasis
- Bone pain
- Cord compression
- Systemic symptoms: malaise, anorexia, weight loss
- Paraneoplastic syndromes: hypercalcaemia
- Palpable lymph nodes
Which examination would you perform on someone with suspected prostate cancer and state what you would find
- Digital Rectal Examination:
- Asymmetrical hard nodular prostate
- Loss of midline sulcus??
Which investigations would you order for someone with suspected prostate cancer?
- PSA (not specific) but will be elevated
- DRE
- Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided needle biopsy (GOLD STANDARD)
- Bone scan- for osseous metastasis
- CT scan- if T3/T4 stage
