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Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

connective tissue provides

A

structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs

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2
Q

connective tissue carries

A

blood vessels

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3
Q

connective tissue functions in — repair

A

tissue

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4
Q

connective tissue mediates exchange of nutrients/metabolites/waste products between

A

tissue and circulation

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5
Q

primitive connective tissue derived from mesodermal mesenchyme contains (3)

A

stellate to spindle shaped cells, jelly like extracellular matrix and occasional fibers

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6
Q

mature connective tissue contains (20

A

cells

extracellular material

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7
Q

fibroblasts

A

pointed, elongate, spindle shaped cells

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8
Q

most abundant type of connective tissue cell

A

fibroblasts

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9
Q

fibroblasts are responsible for synthesizing and maintaining (2)

A

proteinaceous ground substance and connective tissue fibers (collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers)

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10
Q

myofibroblasts

A

fibroblasts with contractile ability

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11
Q

reticular cells

A

of lymph nodes and bone marrow

a type of fibroblast

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12
Q

reticular cells are morphologically similar to

A

primitive mesenchymal cells, look like branches fibroblasts

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13
Q

reticular cells synthesize

A

reticular fibers (made of reticulin)

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14
Q

reticular cells may also have —- function

A

phagocytic

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15
Q

reticular fibers are also synthesized by regular — in some tissues (in small numbers)

A

fibroblasts

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16
Q

adipocytes are responsible for

A

storage and metabolism of lipids

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17
Q

adipocytes are generally large, ballon shaped, clear spaces filled with —

A

lipid

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18
Q

ground substance

A

extracellular organic matrix

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19
Q

what fibers are embedded within the matrix? (3)

A

collagen
reticulin
elastin

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20
Q

how many types of collagen types are there? what are they based off of?

A

28

amino acid sequence

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21
Q

most collagen have a distinct 67-68 nm — pattern

A

banding

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22
Q

collagen is the principle fiber in the extracellular matrix, which provides

A

tensile strength

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23
Q

most abundant type of collagen

A

type 1

90% of collagen in the body

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24
Q

type 1 collagen

A

loose and dense connective tissue of skin, tendons, ligaments, bone and fibrocartilage

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25
types of type 2 cartilage (2)
hyaline | elastic
26
what types of fibers are type 3 collagen?
reticulin fibers
27
reticulin fibers
thin, branching, net-like fibers
28
reticulin fibers are used for structural support in
organs | spleen, lymph nodes, bone
29
reticulin fibers are produced by (2)
reticular cells in the lymph nodes and bone marrow and fibroblasts everywhere else
30
reticulin fibers stain
argyrophilic | stains black with silver stain
31
basement membrane is composed of type - collagen
4
32
type 4 collagen doesn't form
fibers, it forms a meshwork
33
type 5 collagen is fond in (3)
cornea placenta demo-epidermal junctions
34
what is the best known collagenopathy?
ehlers-danlos syndrome
35
ehlers-danlos syndrome effects type - collagen
5
36
ehlers-danlos syndrome is characterized by (3)
hyperextension of joints skin fragility poor wound healing
37
collagen is a
glycoprotein
38
collagen precursor proteins are produced by
fibroblasts
39
collagen is initially synthesized as
pro collagen, compose of three alpha polypeptide chains to form a triple helix
40
collagen synthesis
procollagen is then packed into secretory vesicles and secreted into the ECS followed by extracellular enzymatic modification to form tropocollagen monomers polymerization of tropocollagen into larger bundles results in final formation of collagen microfibrils several microfibrils combine to form larger collagen fiber, several fibers make up a collagen bundle pro collagen, tropocollagen, collagen, collagen microfibrils, collagen fiber, collagen bundle
41
elastin fibers are highly branched, their random coiling patterns allow for
stretching
42
elastic fibers are arranged in
fibers and sheets
43
elastic fibers are synthesized by fibroblasts as --- precursor
tropoelastin
44
tropoelastin polymerizes to form
elastin
45
2 components of elastic fibers
elastin | fibrilin
46
elastin
protein core similar to collagen, surrounded by microfibrils of fibrilin
47
fibrilin
structural glycoprotein
48
how are elastin fibers stains?
T-blue collagen: light gray/blue elastin fibers: darker blue
49
marfans syndrome
autosomal dominant condition results in abnormal elastic fibers
50
marfans syndrome is characterized by
tall stature, long limbs, thin fingers
51
with marinas syndrome, you have an enlarged aorta with increased (2)
regurgitation | risk of developing a dissecting aneurysm
52
structural glycoproteins (2)
fibrillin | fibroxnectin
53
structural glycoproteins
large polypeptides with branched polysaccharide side chains
54
fibroxnectin is found within the
basement membrane
55
fibroxnectin aids in adhesion between cell membrane and ECM via adhesion molecules known as
integrins
56
non-filamentous glycoproteins (3)
laminin entactin tenascin
57
laminin, enacting, and tenascin are associated with
basement membrane and cell adhesion
58
ground substance
amorphous, transparent material with properties of semi-fluid gel
59
ground substance are long, unbranched polysaccharide chains of repeating
disaccharide units
60
disaccharide units of ground substance: one of the subunits is always
an amino sugar (either n-acetyl glucosamine or galactosamine)
61
glycosaminoglycan (GAG)=
mucopolysaccharide (MPS)
62
lysosomal storage diseases
non-functional or insufficient lysosomal enzymes | aka. mucopolysaccharidoses
63
most GAGs are
sulfonate | ex. chondroitin sulfate, herapan sulfate
64
most GAGs are covalent bound to protein molecules to form
proteoglycans (mucoproteins)
65
most common types of GAGs found in ECM (5)
``` hyaluronic acid chondroitin sulfate keratan sulfate dermatan suflate heparin sulfate ```
66
hyaluronic acid is found in most
connective tissue
67
chondroitin sulfate is found in (2)
cartilage and bone
68
keratan sulfate is found in (4)
cartilage bone cornea intervertebral disk
69
dermatan suflate is found in (3)
dermis of the skin blood vessels heart valves
70
heparin sulfate is found in (3)
basement membrane lung liver
71
GAGs don't compact well because they are
large, take up space
72
GAGs are -- charged
negatively | due to sulfate and carboxyl side groups
73
because GAGs are negatively charged, they are
hydrophilic, attract water, form a gel like substance
74
ground substance is mostly made of (3)
GAGs (1' hyaluronic acid) proteoglycans water
75
incompressibility of water provides --- pressure of connective tissue
turgor
76
GAGs are reinforced with
fibrous protein
77
predominant GAG is loose connective tissue
hyaluronic acid (hyaluronate)
78
hyaluronic acid lacks
sulfated side groups
79
hyaluronic acid are several --- sugars long
thousand, very long
80
hyaluronic acid does not form --- themself, but it can bind with them
proteoglycans
81
ground substance is an impervious barrier to
microorganisms (hard to swim through and penetrate)
82
pathogenic bacteria produce --- to destroy this barrier and facilitate their spread
hyaluroniase
83
loose (areolar) connective tissue
sparse fibers and abundant ground substance | viscous, gel-like consistency
84
loose connective tissue has a --- function
supportive
85
loose connective tissue is located (2)
beneath epithelial and around neurons and blood vessels
86
dense connective tissue provides
structural support | abundant fibers, moderate number of cells, lesser ground substance
87
two types of dense connective tissue
regular | irregular
88
regular dense connective tissue
collagen fibers oriented parallel to each other densely packed fibers and cells arranged in fascicles (ex. ligaments, tendons, and aponeuroses)
89
irregular dense connective tissue
collagen fibers oriented randomly | moderate number of fibers and few cells
90
specialized connective tissue includes (7)
``` bone blood cartilage adipose tissue hematopoietic tissue lymphatic tissue mesenchymal CT (limited to embryo) mucus CT (limited to embryo) ```
91
adipose tissue contains adipocytes derived from
lipoblasts
92
primitive mesenchyme is adapted for storing
fat (1' triglycerides)
93
why is fat energetically very active?
it has a rich blood supply
94
adipose tissue functions in (3)
energy storage thermoregulation shock absorber
95
white fat (unilocular) is distributed in
dermis and around intraperitoneal organs
96
percentages of white fat in men vs women
20% M | 25% F
97
brown fat (multilocular) is highly
specialized
98
brown fat is present in (2)
infants | hibernating animals
99
brown fat is used in --- to maintain body temperature
thermoregulation
100
brown fat is located in --- in humans
adrenals
101
brown fat contains large numbers of --- for heat
mitochondria

Histology (32 decks)

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