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CONNECTIVE TISSUE Flashcards

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1
Q

what is connective tissue?

A

Deep tissues-never exposed to environment outside body

Most diverse tissue e.g. bone, blood, fat

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2
Q

what is the function of connective tissue?

A

Support & bind other tissues e.g. cartilage

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3
Q

what does connective tissue store?

A

Store nutritional substances e.g. fat

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4
Q

what does connective tissue produce?

A

Produce protective & regulatory substances (ECM)

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5
Q

where is the subserous fascia?

A

between serous membranes and deep fascia

areolar tissue

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6
Q

where is the deep fascia?

A

forms a strong, fibrous internal network

dense CT

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7
Q

where is deep fascia found?

A

bound to capsules, tendons, ligaments

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8
Q

where is superficial fascia?

A

between skin and underlying organs

areolar tissue and fat

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9
Q

what is superficial fascia also known as?

A

subcutaneous layer or hypodermic

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10
Q

where is connective tissue derived from?

A

derived from mesoderm

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11
Q

what are the characteristics of connective tissue?

A

vary in structure and function
highly vascularised and well nourished
sparsely cellular tissues

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12
Q

when is connective tissue used?

A

cell adhesion mechanism (ECM)

replication and repair

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13
Q

what are the 3 basic components of connective tissue?

A

specialised cells, protein fibres, ground substance

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14
Q

give examples of specialised cells

A

fibroblasts, osteocyte

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15
Q

give an example of protein fibres

A

collagen

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16
Q

what is ground substance?

A

Fills all spaces between cells & surrounds all CT fibres

accounts for most of volume of CT

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17
Q

what is the matrix (ECM)?

A

Fibres and ground substance

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18
Q

what are the 3 types of connective tissue?

A

CT proper, fluid CT, supporting CT

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19
Q

give examples of CT proper

A

loose and dense CT

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20
Q

give examples of fluid CT

A

blood and lymph

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21
Q

give examples of supporting CT

A

cartilage and bone

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22
Q

give examples of support cells

A

fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes, myofibroblasts, adipocytes

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23
Q

what are collagen fibres?

A

Long, straight, branched, strong, flexible

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24
Q

what are reticular fibres?

A

(network) thinner than collagen, forms branching interwoven framework

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25
what are elastic fibres?
Branched, wavy, after stretching returns to normal
26
what are the classifications of CT?
embryonic, proper, cartilage, bone, vascular
27
what is embryonic CT?
Undifferentiated- mesenchyme | during development migrates & interacts with other tissues to form organs
28
which mesenchyme persists past embryonic period?
cells around BV – fibroblasts - repair | umbilical cord - mucus CT - turgid consistency
29
what cells are found in CT proper?
fibroblast – large spindle shaped cell
30
what is the function of CT proper?
Produce collagen, elastic & reticular fibres
31
how many types of CT proper are there?
Six basic types distinguished by loose flexible matrix, and type and arrangement of fibres
32
what is loose CT?
binding and packing – flexible - strength in all directions
33
give an example of where loose CT is found
Skin to underlying muscle
34
what does loose CT surround?
blood vessels/nerves
35
what is dense regular CT?
Densely packed collagen fibres parallel to direction of force
36
give examples of dense regular CT
tendons and ligaments
37
what is dense irregular CT?
densely packed collagen fibres - interwoven-strength in all directions
38
give examples of dense irregular CT
dermis of skin | submucosa of GI tract
39
what is elastic CT?
Elastic fibres (irregular arrangement & yellow) stretch 1.5 times and return
40
give examples of elastic CT?
walls of large arteries | portions of the larynx, trachea and bronchial tubes
41
what is reticular CT?
network reticular fibres woven - jellylike matrix
42
give examples of reticular CT
forms framework of organs such as liver and spleen
43
what is adipose CT?
cells store fat droplets – swell - food reserve, protects organs, insulator
44
give examples of adipose CT?
hypodermis of skin, surface of heart, breast, surrounds joints
45
what cell is found in cartilage?
chondrocyte
46
what is cartilage?
semisolid matrix with marked elastic properties
47
what is the function of cartilage?
supportive and protective CT frequently associated with bone
48
is cartilage vascularised or avascular?
Avascular - difficult to heal
49
how many types of cartilage are there?
3 types - based on type and amount of fibres embedded within matrix
50
what are the 3 types of cartilage?
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
51
where is hyaline cartilage?
between tips of ribs, bones of sternum, covering bone surfaces at synovial joints, supporting larynx, trachea and bronchi
52
what is the function of hyaline cartilage?
provide stiff but flexible support, reduces friction between bony surfaces
53
where is elastic cartilage found?
auricle of external ear, epiglottis, auditory canal, cuneiform cartilages of larynx
54
what is the function of elastic cartilage?
provides support but tolerates distortion without damage and return to original shape
55
where is fibrocartilage found?
pads within knee joints, between pubic bones of pelvis, intervertebral discs
56
what is the function of fibrocartilage?
resists to compression, prevents bone-to-bone contract, limits relative movement
57
what cells are found in bone?
osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte
58
what are the physical properties of bone?
rigid – hardness due to calcium phosphate | flexibility due to collagen fibres
59
what are the characteristics of bone?
Metabolically active | Rich vascular supply
60
how many types of bone are there?
2 types - compact/dense | spongy/cancellous
61
what is compact bone?
hard outer layer
62
what is spongy bone?
porous, vascular inner layer- provides space for marrow - blood cells
63
what cells are found in blood?
erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes (platelets)
64
what are the characteristics of blood?
Highly specialised – viscous | Liquid plasma matrix

IMS (52 decks)

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