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HISTOLOGY LAB > Connective Tissue Lab > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Lab Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

is characterized by an abundance of extracellular material and a relative paucity of cells

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

all connective tissues in the body are derived from ______

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

connective tissues in the head are derived from _______

A

ectoderm

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4
Q

special types of connective tissue includes the following:

A

cartilage, bone, blood, hemopoietic tissue

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5
Q

a connective tissue that is found all over the body and can be regarded as primarily the “glue” that binds body parts together while allowing for some degree of movement

A

connective tissue proper

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6
Q

True or False: In connective tissue the cells are not bound to each other and are scattered individually in the extracellular substance.

A

True

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7
Q

The _________ of connective tissue is an amorphous, homogenous, transparent, and hydrated gel.

A

Ground substance

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8
Q

The ground substance consists mainly of water that is stabilized by

A

proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, mineral salts, and glycoproteins

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9
Q

are the main structural constituents and are responsible for the gelatinous character of ground substance of connective tissue

A

proteoglycans

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10
Q

They are macromolecules that consist of a “core protein” to which disaccharides – in the form of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are attached covalently in a radiating pattern.

A

proteoglycans

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11
Q

is it the most abundant GAG in the ground substance of connective tissue

A

hyaluronic acid

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12
Q

it serves as the backbone to which proteoglycan molecules are attached by “link-proteins” to form proteoglycan complexes

A

hyaluronic acid

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13
Q

a non-sulfated molecule that has a diameter of 10 to 12 nm

A

fibrillin

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14
Q

glycoproteins in the ground substance of connective tissue, which are probably involved in cell adhesion and migration are:

A

fibronectin, laminin, and thrombospondin

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15
Q

three types of fibers in connective tissue

A

collagen, elastic, reticular

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16
Q

fibers that are present in all connective tissues in differing amounts

A

collagen fibers

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17
Q

they impart a white color to fresh tissue

A

collagen fibers

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18
Q

To better demonstrate collagen fibers under light microscope, special stains such as ______________ that color collagen fibers blue

A

Masson’s trichrome

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19
Q

most abundant protein in the body and accounts for about 25% of the body’s dry weight

A

collagen

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20
Q

collagen fibers are made of what protein

A

collagen

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21
Q

there are currently ___ known distinct types of collagen

A

28

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22
Q

only collagen types __, ___, & ___ make up practically all the collagen in connective tissue

A

types 1, 2, 3

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23
Q

collagen fibers are made up of what type of collagen

A

collagen type 1

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24
Q

a fibers that have a tensile strength that is greater than steel and are slightly flexible but inelastic

A

collagen fibers

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25
the molecular precursor of a collagen fiber is
procollagen
26
consists of a polypeptide chain that is longer than those in mature collagen
procollagen
27
precursors of collagen that they synthesize
fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells
28
in the matrix of cartilage and bone, procollagen is synthesized by cells called
chondroblast and osteoblast
29
collagen fibers form _______ molecules by twisting around each other, much like the fibers of a rope, getting bound together by hydrogen bonds
tropocollagen
30
once tropocollagen molecules are formed it aggregates to form _______
microfibrils
31
these are fibrillar elements that are about 45 to 100 nm in diameter each
microfibrils
32
microfibrils group together to form bigger fibrillar structures called
fibrils (macrofibrils)
33
these are fine fibers that average 1.0 micromillimeter in diameter which usually do not ramify, rather branch and anastomose
Elastic fibers
34
True or False: when abundant, elastic fibers impart a yellow color to fresh tissue.
True
35
In H&E preparations, elastic fibers remain unstained and usually appear as ______________ that are difficult to distinguish with certainty from collagen fibers,
refractile pinkish-yellow lines
36
Elastic fiber when stained with orcein appear
blue to black
37
is a highly insoluble protein that is responsible for the elasticity of elastic fibers
Elastin
38
it is resistant to boiling and hydrolysis by acids, alkali, and most enzymes, but it can be hydrolyzed by the pancreatic enzyme elastase
Elastin
39
Elastin has how many genetic types
1 genetic type
40
Elastin in the body occurs in either two ways:
elastic fibers / elastic sheets or lamellae
41
these cells have the capacity to secrete the substances that are needed in the formation of elastic fibers are the
fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells
42
elastic fiber formation
elastogenesis
43
precursor protein of elastin
tropoelastin
44
a fiber that their collagen content is type 3
reticular fibers
45
these fibers stain black when impregnated with silver salts
reticular fibers
46
Reticular fibers stain black when impregnated with silver salts and are referred to as ________
argyrophilic fibers
47
the cells present in connective tissue can be categorized into ________ and _________
resident cells, visiting cells
48
Resident cells are:
mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts & fibrocytes, reticular cells, adipose cells, mast cells, and resident macrophages
49
Visiting cells are:
inflammatory macrophages, plasma cells, and leukocytes
50
are multipotential stem cells that have differentiated from pluripotential cells
mesenchymal cells
51
the stem cells of most connective tissue cells
mesenchymal cells
52
are the most abundant cells in most connective tissues. they synthesize the organic components
fibroblasts
53
the precursor of collagen and elastic fibers
fibroblasts
54
are merely fibroblasts that are idle or resting
fibrocytes
55
their cytoplasm is acidophilic and their nucleus is compact and dark
fibrocytes
56
fibroblasts that are specialized to synthesize the precursors of type 3 collagen that make up the reticular fibers
Reticular cells
57
is a cell that is specialized to store lipids or fats, mainly triglycerides in its cytoplasm
adipose cell
58
origin of all cells
pluripotential stem cells
59
when a fat cell is only starting to accumulate fat, is sometimes referred to as _______
lipoblast
60
adipose cells are called _______ because it simply consist of a large empty space and a flattened nucleus that is located on one side of the cell
signet ring cells
61
are cells that are in an intermediate step between stem cells and fat cells, they reside in adipose tissue and divide twice before becoming full-fledged fat cells
pre-fat cells
62
are large, ovoid cells (15 to 20 micromillimeter) with centrally located spherical nuclei and numerous cytoplasmic granules
mast cells
63
Mast cells are derived from cells in the bone marrow called
Colony-Forming Unit ----Mast Cell (CFU-Mast)
64
are phagocytes that differentiate from monocytes
macrophages
65
effector cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)
macrophages
66
Macrophages that are in connective tissue are otherwise known as
histiocytes
67
Macrophages in that alveoli of lungs are called
pulmonary alveolar macrophages
68
Macrophage in the sinusoids of the liver are referred to as
Kupffer cells
69
In routine LM preparations, macrophage's cytoplasm is slightly basophilic and typically, appears ______
"frothy"
70
_____ macrophages are attached to collagen fibers
fixed macrophages
71
______ macrophages wander about in the extracellular matrix
light macrophages
72
_____ macrophages are those that inhibit a given site
resident macrophages
73
______ macrophages are those in response to a stimulus
inflammatory macrophages
74
a cell that is slightly bigger than RBC, which about 7.5 micromillimeter in diameter
plasma cells
75
it has a strongly basophilic cytoplasm and an eccentric nucleus
plasma cells
76
its chromatin is present in clumps that are located near the nuclear membrane, giving the nucleus a "clock-face" or "cartwheel" appearance
plasma cells
77
plasma cells differentiate from WBCs called
B lymphocytes (B cells)
78
a substance that is elaborated by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen
antibody
79
plasma cells has a lifespan of
10 to 20 days
80
True or False: Plasma cells is a terminally differentiated cell that is incapable of cell division or of reverting back to a B lymphocyte
True
81
this refer to the cells in blood that are not red blood cells
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
82
what are the types of leukocytes?
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
83
what are the different types of connective tissue?
collagenous, adipose, reticular, elastic, and mucous
84
is the most abundant type of connective tissue in the body in which the predominant extracellular fiber is collagen fiber and the predominant cell type is the fibroblast
collagenous connective tissue
85
collagenous connective tissues are grouped into two general categories:
loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue
86
this connective tissue is characterized by scanty intercellular ground substance in which an abundant number of closely packed collagen fibers and relatively few cells are embedded
dense connective tissue
87
a dense connective tissue that run in various directions
dense irregular
88
if the fibers are arranged in a definite pattern, the connective tissue is referred to as
dense regular
89
tissue that comprises the dermis of the skin; capsule of some organs like the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and testes; sheath of large nerves; periosteum that envelops the bones; and dura mater
dense irregular connective tissue
90
a connective tissue that makes up tendons, ligaments, and fibrous membranes
dense regular connective tissue
91
Loose connective tissue is also known as
areolar connective tissue
92
is characterized by high vascularity and an abundance of extracellular substance where the relatively few collagenous fibers are arranged haphazardly
Loose connective tissue
93
is a connective tissue in which the predominant cellular element is the fat or adipose cell
adipose tissue
94
represents that largest energy storage site of the body
adipose tissue
95
the fat that is stored in adipose tissue represents excess ________
dietary calorie intake
96
aside from energy storage site of the body, adipose tissue also function as
thermal insulator
97
what are the two types of adipose tissue?
yellow (white) adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue
98
this type of adipose tissue are richly supplied with mitochondria
brown adipose tissue
99
this adipose tissue store lipid in the form of a single fat vacuole
yellow adipose tissue
100
fat cells of brown adipose tissue store lipid in the form of
numerous droplet
101
In the new born, ______ adipose tissue is present in the neck and back accounts for about 2% to 5% of body weight
brown adipose tissue
102
is a connective tissue in which the predominant cell and extracellular fiber are the reticular cell and reticular fiber
reticular tissue
103
is characterized by abundance of amorphous and jelly-like ground substance in which scarce number of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are embedded
mucous tissue
104
the ground substance of mucous tissue is mainly composed of ________
hyaluronic acid
105
Mucous tissue is common in the embryo but rare in adults. It is exemplified by ___________, the connective tissue present in the umbilical cord.
Wharton's jelly

HISTOLOGY LAB (4 decks)

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