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Flashcards in Consciousness & Sleep Deck (26)
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0
Q

Changing view of conscience

A

William James: view as a flowing stream that may/may not be influenced by will

Sigmud Freud: thoughts & feelings that are conscious, preconscious and unconscious

Joun Watson: urged psychologist to abandon the study of conscience

1
Q

Consciousness

A

-awareness of ourselves & our environment
Ex: thoughts, feelings, external stimuli and sensation
-it’s divided, changing & continuous

2
Q

Duel processing

A

-information is often simultaneously process on separate conscious and unconscious track

3
Q

Sleep

A
  • process which physiological changes
  • slowing basic body functions
  • increased by studying brian waves, eye movement, chin tension, heart & respiration rate

-sleep cycles: 90 mins. back and forth between NREM and REM

4
Q

REM (rapid eye movement)

A
  • “active sleep”
  • 20 to 25% of nights sleep
  • “paradoxical sleep”: internally arose & externally calm
  • -internally: increase brain activity, metabolism & temperature
  • -externally: large muscles paralyzed, body is calm, eyes dart around
5
Q

Sleep stages

A

Stage1: •transition of drowsiness between waking & sleeping
•”light sleep”
•irregualr waves (alpha waves)

Stage2: •light to deeper sleep
•sleep spindles-rapid rhythmic burst of brain wave activity
•start to sleep talk

Stage3: •deep sleep
•delta waves reach 20%

Stage4: •delta waves reach near 100%
•muscles relax and heart + respiration rate slows
•sleep walk starts
•bed wetting
•body maintenance & secretion of hormones
•assend back up to stage 3&4

6
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

-respiratory disorder where breathing stops for few seconds to 2 minutes

Type1: muscles in back of throat fails to keep airway passage open (common)

Type2: brain fails to properly control breathing during sleep (uncommon)

Solutions: lose weight, surgery, CPAP nasal mask,oral appliance

7
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

Normal muscle paralysis doesn’t occur

Lead to violent movements during REM

8
Q

Sleep walking

A

Person is mobile & may perform actions during stage 4 sleep

9
Q

Narcolepsy

A
  • sudden urge to sleep
  • abt 100,000 people affected
  • last for 5 to 30 mins
  • cataplexy: lose control of muscles
  • accompanied by almost total paralysis
  • triggered by strong emotions
  • brain disease
  • person bypass stages 1 to 4 then go straight to REM briefly
10
Q

Sleep paralysis

A
  • person can’t move
  • hallucinations occur
  • feels like a person is sitting on chest
  • hypnagogic sleep: when falling asleep
  • hypnapompic:when waking up
  • happens when sleeping on back
  • lack of sleep
  • narcolepsy
  • leg cramps
  • certain meds
11
Q

Night/Sleep Terrors

A
  • extremely frightening dreamlike experience
  • occur during non-REM and stage 4
  • immaturity of the nervous system
  • usually begins with a piercing scream
12
Q

Insomnia

A

-inability to fall asleep or maintain sleep

13
Q

Sleep deprivation

A
  • predictor of depression
  • energy drained
  • difficulty studying
  • diminished productivity
  • tendency to make mistakes
  • increase ghrelin
  • suppress immune cells
  • slow reaction
  • increase errors
14
Q

Circadian rhythm

A
  • biological clock that’s program to regulate physiological responses within a 24hr period
  • more than 100 bodily functions and behaviors follow this
  • control by suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)
  • located in brain region known as the hypothalamus
  • affects physiological functions: blood pressure, heart rate, appetite, elimination, sensory activity, response to meds
  • disrupted by: light, transcontinental flights, work shifts
15
Q

Human development

A

-orderly changes that occur with the passage of time

16
Q

Domains of development

A
  • physical
  • cognitive
  • emotional
  • language
17
Q

Jean Piaget

A
  • how knowledge is obtained
  • children construct their own knowledge of the environment
  • children act as “little scientists”
  • theory of cognitive development
18
Q

Jean Piaget stages of childhood

A
  1. Sensorimotor(birth-2): touch, reflexes, walk, goal directive, cause and effect relationship
  2. Preoperational(2-7): language, egocentric, symbolic function, fail to conserve
  3. Concrete (7-11): school, see something to understand
  4. Formal operational(11-15): abstract ideas, several ways to solve problems
19
Q

Erik Erikson: Psychological Stages theory

A

Development across life spam

An awareness of the self is central to childhood social development

Each stage is defined by conflict with social envioment

Conflict must be resolved for healthy development

20
Q

Stage theory (e.e)

A
  1. Trust vs mistrust (birth-1)
    - sense of security
    - infants learn to trust environment
  2. Autonomy vs shame & doubt (1-3)
    - independence
    - learn to regulate bodies
    - toilet training starts
    - accident: shame & doubt
  3. Initiative vs guilt (3-6)
    - trying new things
    - acquire new physical & mental skills
    - learn to control impulses
  4. Industry vs inferiority (6-12)
    - sense of mastery & competence
    - acquire many skills
  5. Identity vs role confusion (13-17)
    - sense of self, personal values/beliefs
    - integrate various roles
    - able to develop a sense of identity in occupation, gender roles, politics & religion
  6. Intimacy vs isolation (around 18)
    - committing to a mutually loving relationship
    - ability to form deep relationship
  7. Generativity vs stagnation (middle)
    - contributing to society through work
    - adults must take an active interest in helping younger
  8. Ego identity vs despair (old age)
    - view life as satisfactory & worthwhile
    - asked if life had meaning
21
Q

Harry Harlow

A

Studied attachment and contact comfort in baby monkeys

Attachment: strong bond that person feels toward special other person

Develops from birth to adult

22
Q

Contact comfort

A

Supplied by bodily comfort

23
Q

Separation anxiety

A

Fear and distress shown by a toddler when parents leave

24
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

Fear and distress infants display when approached by an unfamiliar person

25
Q

Mary Ainsworth: identified 4 patterns of attachment

A
  1. Secure: abt 65%, distress when separate from mother, eagerly restablished connection, use mother as safe base
  2. Avoidant: abt 20%, not responsive when parent present, avoid contact when parent return, parent show little affection
  3. Resistant: abt 10-15%, seek and perfer close contact,acts angry when parent return, hard to comfort
  4. Disorganized: ant 5-10%, show confused behavior, disoriented when parent return, communicate emotions with a daze facial expression or depressed