Control of Breathing- Phys Flashcards
Four components of breathing control
1- O2 and CO2 chemoreceptors
2- Mechanoreceptors in the lungs and joints
3- Control centers for breathing in the brain stem (medulla and pons)
4- respiratory muscles
Medulla houses the…
Central respiratory control center.
Inspiratory and expiratory regions
Central respiratory control center receives feedback from?
Pulmonary stretch receptors, carotid and aortic bodies, gamma efferents, baroreceptors
Inspiratory regions sends out efferent commands through
Phrenic nerve
What and where is the apneustic center
Apneustic center is located in the lower Pons, when stimulated, it excites the inspiratory center in the medulla to prolong action potentials for longer inspirations
What and where is the pneumotaxic center
upper pons, turns off inspiration
Cerebral cortex is important why?
It can temporarily override the automatic breathing centers. Examples are voluntary hyperventillation and hypoventillaruon
decrease in pH of the CSF leads to
increased breathing
Increase in the pH of the CSF leads to
decrease breathing
What types of receptors are most important for the minute to minute control of breathing
The central chemoreceptors
Brainstem chemoreceptors are extremely sensitive to what>
Changes in the pH of the CSF
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?
Carotid bodies at the bifurcation of the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries
Aortic bodies above and below the aortic arch.
What is the most important job of the central chemoreceptors in comparison to the most important job of the peripheral chemoreceptors
Central chemoreceptors are basically responsible for keeping the pCO2 in the normal range. In contrast, peripheral chemoreceptors are more responsible for managing changes in response to oxygen levels increasing or decreasing.
When do peripheral chemoreceptors begin to reacto to changes in O2 levels
When they fall below 60mmHg
Changes in pH lead to responses from what peripheral chemoreceptors?
Only the carotid bodies
