Copper

Question 1

what are some good food sources of copper? (multiple answers)

a. organ meats
b. eggs
c. nuts
d. seeds
e. kale
f. legumes
g. shellfish
h. dried fruits

Answer 1

a,c,d,f,g,h

Question 2

T/F birth control may lower copper concentration in the body

Answer 2

False, it may increase copper concentration

Question 3

what amount is the upper limit of copper?

Answer 3

10mg

Question 4

T/F excessive zinc consumption make lower copper concentrations

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which of these diseases may cause a deficiency in copper?

a. Gallbladder disease
b. Pancreatitis
c. Liver disease
d. Kidney disease

Answer 5

d

Question 6

What is the name used for Cu2+?

Answer 6

Cupric

Question 7

What is the name used for Cu1+?

Answer 7

Cuprous

Question 8

Which transporter is specific to cupric?

Answer 8

DMT1

Question 9

Which transporter is specific to cuprous?

Answer 9

Ctr1 (hCtr)

Question 10

What is most copper reduced to before absorption?

Answer 10

Cuprous

Question 11

T/F copper can passively diffuse into a cell

Answer 11

True

Question 12

When copper binds to a ligand, it can be transported into the cell by hCtr or ____

Answer 12

excreted

Question 13

Which proteins direct copper for use within the cell? (multiple answers)

a. glutathione
b. COX17
c. COX15
d. glucagon
e. Cytochrome c oxidase synthesis
f. P-type ATP-ase ATP7A
g. Atox1

Answer 13

a,b,e,g

Question 14

Cuprous is stored in the cell as?

Answer 14

metallothionein

Question 15

what enzyme actively transports cuprous out of the cell and into the blood?

Answer 15

P-type ATP-ase ATP7A

Question 16

In the blood, which of these transporters can copper bind to? (multiple answers)

a. albumin
b. globulin
c. cupormin
d. transcuprein
e. histidine
f. metallic-heme complex
g. cysteine

Answer 16

a,d,e,g

Question 17

Which of these enhances copper absorption?

a. amino acids
b. organic acids (except vitamin C)
c. oxalic acid
d. a and b
e. b and c

Answer 17

d

Question 18

What vitamin should you not take with a copper supplement?

Answer 18

Vitamin C

Question 19

Which of these inhibits copper absorption? (multiple answers)

a. phytate
b. potassium
c. zinc
d. iron
e. duodenum
f. molybdenum
g. acetaminophen and NSAIDs
h. antacids/high pH
i. calcium and phosphorus

Answer 19

a,c,d,f,h,i

Question 20

in the liver, copper binds to metallothionein which combines with what? what is the resulting formation? what does the resulting formation do?

Answer 20

apoceruloplasmin
ceruloplasmin
delivers copper to tissues

Question 21

Metallothionein can store up to how many copper atoms?

Answer 21

12

Question 22

T/F copper can be stored in the liver, brain and kidneys

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T/F copper can be stored as free copper (not bound to anything)

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is the primary way copper is excreted?

Answer 24

through bile

Question 25

what enzyme eliminates copper from a cell?

Answer 25

P-type ATPase ATP7B

Question 26

Copper deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia because? a. without copper, Fe3+ is not reduced to Fe2+ by duodenal cytochrome b reductase and iron cannot bind to DMT1 b. without copper-mediated intracellular reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+, iron cannot be stored as a complex with mobliferrin in the enterocyte c. without copper, Fe2+ is not oxidized to Fe3+ during ferroportin-mediated efflux of iron d. copper is needed for mobliferrin production

Answer 26

c

Question 27

what causes Wilson's disease?

Answer 27

mutation in ATP7B where cells can intake copper but not export copper

Question 28

what does Wilson's disease cause in the eye?

Answer 28

Keiser-Fleisher ring

Question 29

What causes Menke's disease?

Answer 29

mutation in ATP7A where copper in cell can't distribute to other organs

Question 30

What does Menke's disease do to the hair?

Answer 30

makes it fuzzy/steely

Question 31

how can you treat Menke's disease?

Answer 31

IV copper so it can distribute to organs via bloodstream

Question 32

whats RDA for adults?

Answer 32

900 microcrams