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Flashcards in Cost Accounting Deck (36)
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1
Q

What is Cost Accounting?

A

Cost Accounting is a component of GAAP that records Ending Inventory on the Balance Sheet for o Direct Materials o Direct Labor o Work in Process o Finished Goods Cost Accounting also records for the Income Statement

2
Q

What is the difference between Cost Accounting and Managerial Accounting?

A

Cost Accounting - External Focus- GAAP Managerial Accounting - Internal Focus- Not GAAP

3
Q

What are Product Costs (aka Inventory Costs)?

A

Prime Costs Conversion Costs

4
Q

What are included in Prime Costs?

A

Direct Material USED - Have become part of the product or had a direct impact on the product Direct Labor Used - Employees who worked on product and had direct impact

5
Q

What is Factory Overhead?

A

All factory costs except for DM and DL used in production- including Spoilage (except for abnormal spoilage- which is a period cost and not included in OH).

6
Q

What is included in Fixed Factory Overhead?

A

FFO : Estimated Costs / Normal Capacity Uses Normal Activity Examples of Fixed Factory OH: Depreciation (SL)- Utilities- Taxes Under/Over-applied Fixed OH always goes to COGS

7
Q

What is included in Variable Overhead?

A

VO : Estimated Activity / Actual Activity Uses Actual Activity Examples of Variable Factory OH: Deprecation (Units of Prod)- Indirect materials (supplies & insignificant items)- Indirect labor (factory foreman- janitors- machine maintenance)

8
Q

Where is Under/Over-applied Variable OH recorded?

A

If Immaterial - Goes to COGS If Material - Goes to WIP- Finished Goods- or COGS- based on their Ending Balance

9
Q

Where is Under/Over-applied Fixed OH recorded?

A

It always goes to COGS

10
Q

What is indicated by a Debit balance in Actual Factory Overhead? How is it corrected?

A

Under-applied overhead. If it’s Fixed OH- under-applied goes to COGS. If it’s Variable OH- under-applied goes to COGS if immaterial- but is allocated to WIP- FG or COGS based on ending balances.

11
Q

What is indicated by a Credit balance in Applied Factory Overhead? How is it corrected?

A

A credit balance indicates over-applied overhead. If Fixed overhead- it is corrected from COGS. If Variable overhead- it is corrected through COGS if immaterial- but if material overage is allocated to WIP- FG or COGS based on ending balances.

12
Q

Which variables are used to calculate Direct Material balances?

A

Beginning Balance DR Net purchases (plus freight-in) CR Direct Materials Used : Ending balance (goes to BS)

13
Q

What variables are used to calculated Work in Process (WIP)?

A

Beginning Balance (End Bal of Previous WIP) DR Direct Materials Used DR Direct Labor Used (Conversion Cost) CR COGM DR Factory Overhead Applied (Conversion Cost) : Ending Balance (Goes to BS)

14
Q

What variables are included in Finished Goods calculations?

A

Beginning Balance DR COGM : COGAS (Cost of Goods Avail for Sale) CR COGS : Ending Balance (Goes to BS)

15
Q

How does Freight In affect Cost Accounting calculations?

A

Inventory (Product) Cost Part of DM Purchases

16
Q

How does Freight Out affect Cost Accounting?

A

Selling (Period) Cost Not part of inventory

17
Q

When is Job-Order Costing used?

A

Used when costs are easily connected to a specific product or product line Can also be applied to services Calculation is the same as normal cost accounting - just use your T Accounts - DM to WIP to FG to COGS - You’re likely going to be solving for the last job in the queue

18
Q

What is the Direct Method for allocating service department costs?

A

No services allocated between service departments- even if they serve each other. Only allocate to product(s)

19
Q

What is the Step Method for allocating service department costs?

A

Services can be allocated to both other service departments and the product(s)

20
Q

Under process costing- how are the units shipped calculated?

A

Beginning Inventory + Units Started - Ending Inventory : No. Units Shipped

21
Q

Which two inventory methods are used under Process Costing?

A

FIFO Weighted Average

22
Q

What is another name for Process Costing?

A

Equivalent Units of Production

23
Q

How will Equivalent Finished Units under FIFO compare to EFU under the Weighted Average method?

A

EFU FIFO will always be LESS than EFU Weighted Avg (unless Beginning Inventory is Zero)

24
Q

How are Direct Materials calculated under the Weighted Average Method?

A

Beginning Inventory + Current Costs / EFU WA

25
Q

How are Conversion Costs calculated under Weighted Average Method?

A

Beginning Inventory + Current Costs / EFU WA

26
Q

How are Equivalent Finished Units calculated for Direct Materials?

A

Units Shipped + EI x % Complete DM : EFU (Weighted Average Method) - Beginning Inventory x % Complete : EFU (FIFO)

27
Q

How are Equivalent Finished Units calculated for Conversion Costs?

A

Units Shipped + EI x % Complete CC : EFU (Weighted Average) - Beginning Inventory x % Complete : EFU (FIFO)

28
Q

How are Direct Materials calculated under the FIFO method?

A

Current Costs / EFU FIFO Note: FIFO method uses Current Period costs only and ignores Beginning Inventory

29
Q

How are Conversion Costs calculated under the FIFO method?

A

Current Costs / EFU FIFO FIFO method uses Current Period costs only and ignores Beginning Inventory

30
Q

How is WIP calculated?

A

Beginning balance (DM- DL- OH) + Current Costs (DM- DL- OH) - COGM (Goes to Finished Goods) + DM EFU x Cost per DM EFU + CC EFU x Cost per CC EFU : Ending WIP

31
Q

How do period costs and product costs relate to net sales- gross margin and operating income?

A

Net Sales - Product Costs : Gross Margin - Period Costs : Operating Income

32
Q

What is the focus of Activity Based Costing (ABC)?

A

Focuses on eliminating non-value-added activities for poor quality and inventory and things customers don’t want or don’t care about Inventory is expensive to store and storing something is not a value-added expenditure Uses Cost Pools - Different departments can have different OH rates Uses Several OH rates based on Activity - Cost Pool / Cost Driver

33
Q

How do Cost Pools and Allocations compare under ABC versus traditional costing system?

A

Cost Pools and Allocations increase compared to a traditional costing system

34
Q

What is Backflush Costing?

A

Connected to Just-in-Time Production- which is part of Activity-Based Costing and Total Quality Management (TQM) - Works backward to flush out COGS - Mostly GAAP

35
Q

What are the characteristics of By-Products?

A

Usually immaterial and common costs aren’t allocated to them Low Market Value Can be valued at NRV Can be treated as a contra expense and netted against COGS - Can be treated as a contra sale and netted against Sales Recognition rules are very flexible with valuing and classifying by-products

36
Q

What are Cost Functions?

A

Measure how costs change relative to activity levels High-Low Method Change in Cost (High-Low pts) / Change in Activity (High-Low pts)