CP: Chapter 3 Diagnoses and Assessment

Question 1

reliability

Answer 1

consistency of measurement

Question 2

interrater reliability

Answer 2

degree to which two independent observers agree on what they have observed

Question 3

test-retest reliability

Answer 3

extend to which people being observed multiple times, receive similar scores

Question 4

alternate form reliability

Answer 4

zijn de scores op twee forms of the test consistent?

Question 5

internal consistency reliability

Answer 5

whether the items on a test are related/similar scores to each other.

Question 6

validity

Answer 6

does the measurement measure what it is supposed to measure?

Question 7

content validity

Answer 7

does the measurement measure all aspects of the domain of interest?

Is the test fully representative of what it aims to measure?

Question 8

criterion validity

Answer 8

does the test correlate to outcomes of other tests that are related?

Question 9

concurrent validity

Answer 9

measures how well a new test compares to an well-established test

Question 10

predictive validity

Answer 10

measures how well the measurement can predict some other variable that is measured at some point in the future

Question 11

construct validity

Answer 11

Does the test measure the concept that it’s intended to measure?

Question 12

verschil construct en content validity

Answer 12

Construct validity: bij measurements die niet duidelijk zijn (covert of indirect), komt het overeen met de theorie?

Content validity: Is the test fully representative of the domain of interest, dus ook alle aspecten ervan?

Question 13

construct validity eigenschappen

Answer 13

evaluated by looking at a wide variety of data from multiple resources. based on theory, want wat denken wij dat alle aspecten zijn van bv anxiety? op basis daarvan bepalen we welke dingen we willen meten

Question 14

diagnosis=

Answer 14

the process of assessing whether a person meets the criteria for a psychological disorder.

Question 15

pros of diagnosing system

Answer 15

1. communication is effective
2. facilitates the search for causes and treatments
3. treatment planning is possible

treatment planning=Treatment planning is a process in which the therapist tailors, to the greatest extent possible, the application of available treatment resources to each client’s individual goals and needs.

Question 16

changes in DSM 5

Answer 16

removal of multiaxial system
diagnoses are not based on causes, but on the symptoms
more sensistivity to the developmental nature of psychopathology
new diagnoses
combining diagnoses
ethical and cultural considerations

Question 17

outcomes for schizophrenia are .. (culture)

Answer 17

more favorable in nigeria, india and colombia than industrialized countries

Question 18

criticism DSM

Answer 18

• too many diagnoses
• too many distinctions based on small differences, veel comorbidity terwijl dit misschien hetzelfde is
• categorical classification instead of dimensional classification (categorical= yes or no, dimensional = schaal van 0-10 bijvoorbeeld autisme of anxiety)
• niet elke clinician volgt de dsm, dus reliability is decreased daardoor
• validity: Diagnoses have construct validity if they help in making accurate predictions.

Question 19

negative effects of diagnoses in general

Answer 19

• worry and fear for stigma
• lose sight of uniqueness of a person, bv all persons with autism are different

Question 20

difference clinical and structural interviews

Answer 20

clinical is meer een gesprek, structural is meer een vragenlijst

Question 21

projective tests

Answer 21

stimuli are presented and responses are thought to be determined by unconscious processes (rorschach inkblot test)

Question 22

voorbeeld direct observation

Answer 22

behavioural assessment, dan identificeert de professional de probleembehaviours and consequences

Question 23

ecological momentary assessment

Answer 23

= EMA

people reflect back over some time period and report on recently expereinced thoughts, moods or stressors

Question 24

cognitive style questionnaires

Answer 24

zoals BDI, DAS

help plan targets for treatment as well as determine whether clinical interventions are helping

Question 25

welke neuroimaging techniques laten structuur van brein zien

Answer 25

MRI, CAT/CT

Question 26

welke neurotechniques laten de brein function vooral zien

Answer 26

PET en FMRI

Question 27

tactile performance test time

Answer 27

blindfold, person tries to fit shaped blocks into spaces of a form board

Question 28

tactile performance test memory

Answer 28

after the test time, people need to draw if back from memory

Question 29

speech sounds perception test

Answer 29

listen to nonsense words, then select the word they heard from a set of alternatives

Question 30

cultural bias=

Answer 30

measure developed for one culture may not be equally reliable and valid within a different culture.

Question 31

avoid culture bias

Answer 31

- training programmes: learn about issues and differences - modify assessment procedures - put effort in understanding each other - make hypotheses about the influence of culture on a particular person

Question 32

mood disorders=

Answer 32

disorders that are related to mood: either depressive, mania or both.

Question 33

major depressive disorder criteria

Answer 33

at least 5 symptoms: of which either: (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure 3) weight loss of weight gain 4) insomnia or hypersomnia 5) psychomotor agitation or retardation 6) fatigue or loss of energy 7) feeling worthless or guilt 8) diminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisiveness 9) recurrent thoughts of death at least for 2 weeks!