Crainal Nerves and Brainstem: Final

Question 1

Special Sensory Somatic

Answer 1

Senses, ex: auditory, visual, smell

Question 2

General Visceral Sensory

Answer 2

Internal Organs

Question 3

Special Visceral Motor

Answer 3

Endoderm origins

Branchial (face/neck), digestion

Question 4

General Visceral Motor

Answer 4

Parasympathetic

Cranial sacral division

Question 5

General Somatic motor

Answer 5

Somatic/skeletal muscles

Question 6

In the spinal cord, how are motor/sensory arranged vs. brainstem.

Answer 6

Spinal:
Motor ventral, sensory dorsal

Brainstem:
Motor Medial
Sensory Lateral

Question 7

Olfactory Nerve

Answer 7

1: Cell Bodies of secondary sensory neurons (olfactory bulb)

Connected to limbic system: emotional response to smell (olfactory stria)

Olfactory nerve  bulb  Cortical areas (primary olfactory area)

Question 8

Optic Nerve

Answer 8

2: Made of Retinal Ganglion cells. Synapses in LGN of thalamus (superior colliculus).

Primary neuron is bipolar cell.

Secondary is RGC projection to LGN.

Geniculate tract/Meyer’s Loop

Question 9

Name the nerves involved in general visceral motor (parasympathetic)

Answer 9

3, 7. 9, 10

Question 10

Ocularmotor functions and nuclei

Answer 10

Ocularmotor: GSE, extrinsic eye muscles (4/6)

EW- GVE, parasympathetic innervation of sphincter pupillae muscle (for pupil constriction) and ciliary muscle (for accommodation in near vision) via ciliary ganglion.

Question 11

Trochlear Nerve

Answer 11

#4
Trochlear Nucleus: GSE, innervates superior oblique eye muscle. 

Contralateral

Question 12

What makes trochlear nerve unique?

Answer 12

Exits Brainstem on dorsal side, is the smallest CN, ALL fibers are crossed.

Question 13

Trigeminal Nucleus: Special Visceral Motor

Answer 13

Motor Trigeminal Nucleus. (motor nuc of 5)

Muscles of mastication, some larynx motor nucleus of trigeminal (mandibular nerve)

Question 14

Trigeminal Nucleus: GSA (blue)- name 3 nerves and where it goes.

Ipsilateral

Answer 14

Nuclei:
A. Mescencephalic nuc of 5
B. Principle sensory nuc of 5
C. Spinal trigeminal nuc (sensory and pain)

Most of the head via trigeminal ganglion: touch, pressure, temp, pain, proprioception.

1. Opthalamic nerve: skin of forehead, upper eyelids, lateral nose
2. Mixallary nerve: lower eyelids and cheek
3. Mandibular- lateral scalp, skin anterior to ears, lower cheeks, lips

Question 15

Abducens Nerve

Answer 15

6: Abudcens Nuclei, innervates Lateral Rectus muscle of the eye.

Question 16

Complex: Facial Sensory nuclei and functions

Answer 16

GSA: inner side of external ear (Nuc of spinal trigeminal)

SSA: taste to anterior 2/3 tongue (NTS)

GVA: nasal/oral sensation (geniculate ganglion to NTS)

Question 17

Complex: Facial Nerve Motor nuclei and functions

Answer 17

SVE: branchial, muscles of facial expression (motor facial nuc)

GVE: lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands (PNS), pterogoplatine ganglion (superior salivatory nuc- input from hypothalamus)

Question 18

What thalamus nuclei receives FACIAL somatosensory info?

Answer 18

VPM

Question 19

Which thalamus nucleus gets BODY somatosensory info?

Answer 19

VPL

Question 20

Auditory-Vestibular nuclei

Answer 20

8 SA - hearing and balance. Scarpa (vestibular) ganglion to vestibular nuclei

Spiral (cochlear) ganglion to cochlear nuclei

Question 21

Glossopharyngeal: Sensory

Answer 21

GVA - from carotid body and sinus; senses oxygen tension, baroreceptors (BP); (synapse in NTS
nucleus of the solitary tract)

GSA - sensation from posterior 1/3 of the tongue, skin of the external ear, inner tympanic membrane. Gag reflex.
(synapse in the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal).

SSA - taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
(synapse in NTS)