Cranial Nerves Flashcards
(40 cards)
Name the 12 cranial nerves
- Nn. Olfactorii
- N. Opticus
- N. Oculomotorius
- N. Trochlearis
- N. Trigeminus
- N. Abducens
- N. Facialis
- N. Vestibulocochlearis
- N. Glossopharyngealis
- N. Vagus
- N. Accessorius
- N. Hypoglossalis
Nervi Olfactorii
> Sensory
From olfactory bulb in telencephalon
Scent information to brain
Goes through Foramen cribriform of ethmoid bone
Branches
- N. Terminalis: From vomeronasal organ till
accessory olfactory bulb
- N. Vomeronasalis: from vomeronasal organ till
accessory olfactory bulb
Nervus Opticus
> Sensory
Visual information from photoreceptors through the optic canal to thalamic nuclei in interbrain
From optic chiasm of interbrain
To cerebral cortex in occipital lobe
Nervus oculomotorius
> Motor & parasympathetic sensory
motor: supplies Recti, oblique & levator muscles
of eye
parasympathetic: sphincter pupillae & Ciliary
muscles of eye.
Controls most of eye’s movements
Passes through foramen orbitorotundum/ Fissura orbitalis
Branches
- Ramus dorsalis
- Ramus ventralis
Nervus trochlearis
> Motor
Innervates dorsal oblique muscle of eye
From tegmentum of midbrain
Passes through foramen orbitorotundum/Fissura orbitalis
Nervus trigeminus
> Motor and sensory
Fibres arise from medulla oblongata (motor) and pons (sensory)
Sympathetic fibres regulate the functioning of
muscles of pupil and eyeball
Branches
- N. Ophthalmicus
- N. Maxillaris
- N. Mandibularis
What three branches does cranial nerve 5 have
Cranial nerve 5 (Trigeminus)
1. N. Opthalmicus
2. N. Maxillaris
3. N. Mandibularis
N. Trigeminus: Nervus mandibularis
> Sensory and motor
goes through foramen lacerum (Eq +su) or Foramen ovale (car, ru)
Branches
-Ramus Meningeus: cerebral meninges
- N. Masticatorius
- N. Pterygoideus lateralis et medialis:
Pterygoid muscles and middle ear
- N. Buccalis: m. buccalis (?)
- N. Auriculotemporalis: skin in temporal area,
parotid gland + external and middle ear
- N. Lingualis: Whole tongue, mucosal layer of
floor of mouth, pharynx and sublinqual salivary
glands and mandibular gland
- N. Mentalis: Lower labial structures
-N. Alveolaris inferior: muscles of floor of mouth,
lower teeth and gums, skin of mandible and lip.
What are the 6 branches of N. Mandibularis?
- Ramus meningeus
- N. Masticatorius
- N. Pterygoideus lateralis et medialis
- N. Buccalis
- N. Auriculotemporalis
- N. Lingualis
- N. Mentalis
- N. Alveolaris inferior
N. Trigeminus: N. Maxillaris
> Sensory
Supplies cheek, nares, upper teeth, gums, nasal mucosa, sinuses, meninges
goes through fissura orbitalis/foramen orbitorotundum
Branches
-Ramus meningeus: narrow area of meninges
- N. Zygomaticus: lower eyelid, skin surrounding
it and conjunctiva (absent in cats)
- N. Pterygopalatinus: And innervates palate and
nasal cavity via foramen sphenopalatina
- N. Infraorbitalis: Innervates nose, upper lip,
upper molars , alveoli and gums
N. Trigeminus: N. Opthalmicus
> Sensory
Goes through fissura orbitalis/foramen orbitorotundum
Branches
- N. Lacrimalis: innervates lacrimal gland and in
(bo) horns
- N. Frontalis: medial angle of eye, superior eyelid,
frontal skin and sinus
- N. Nasociliaris
- Ramus meningeus
What 4 branches does N. Ophthalmicus have
- N. Lacrimales
- N. Frontalis
- N. Nasociliaris
- Ramus meninges
Nervus Abducens
> Motor
Supplies lateral rectus muscle and retractor bulbi of eye
From Pons/Medulla oblongata
Goes through fissura orbitalis/Foramen orbitorotundum
Nervus facialis
> Motor and Sensory
Supplies muscles of face, tongue, glands, eye and ear
From pons/medulla oblongata
Goes through Porus acusticus internus into meatus acusticus internus with N. vestibularis, and alone through foramen stylomastoideum and Canalis nervus facialis.
Branches
- N. Petrosus major
- N. Stapedius: stapedial muscles in middle ear
- N. Auricularis caudalis: Auricular muscles + skin
of auricle
- N. Auriculopalpebralis: rostral auricular muscles
and orbicular muscles of eye
What are the 4 branches of the 7th cranial nerve
N. Facialis (7)
1. N. Petrosus major
2. N. Stapedius
3. N. Auricularis caudalis
4. N. Auriculopalpebralis
Nervus Vestibulocochlearis
> Sensory
Sound and balance info from inner ear to brain
From pons/medulla oblongata
goes through porus acusticus internus and meatus acusticus internus
Branches
- N. Vestibularis: goes to internal ear
- N. Cochlearis: goes to spiral ganglion in cochlear
modiolus
What two branches does the 8th cranial nerve have
N. Vestibulocochlearis (8)
1. N. Vestibularis
2. N. Cochlearis
Nervus Glossopharyngeus
> Sensory, motor & parasympathetic
From medulla oblongata
Goes through foramen jugulare (ru, car) /Foramen lacerum (su, eq)
Branches
- Ramus Lingualis: Root of tongue, gustatory
papillae, soft palate and mucosal layer of oral
cavity and pharynx
- Ramus Pharyngeus: Pharyngeal muscles and
salivary glands
- N. Tympanicus: Whole middle ear
What 3 branches does the 9th cranial nerve have
N. Glossopharyngeus (9)
1. N. Lingualis
>Tongue, soft palate, oral cavity
2. N. Pharyngeus
>Pharyngeal muscles, salivary
gland
3. N. Tympanicus
>Middle ear
Nervus Vagus
> Autonomic, sensory, motor & parasympathetic
Informs the state of body’s organs to CNS
From Medulla oblongata
Goes through foramen jugulare/Foramen lacerum
Branches
- N. Laryngeus cranialis et caudalis
- N. Laryngeus recurrens
- Ramus meningeus-, auricularis-,
pharyngei-, cardiaci-, bronchales-,
esophagei- et atriales ruminis + Truncus vagalis dorsalis et ventralis
How does vagal nerve “travel” in the body? from where to where
- From medulla oblongata -
- Through foramen jugulare/ Foramen lacerum -
- Exits cranial cavity -
- Goes alongside trachea with truncus
sympatheticus forming the truncus
vagosympatheticus. - Enters mediastinum individually above the
cranial thoracic aperture - Located on both sides of esophagus behind
heart - Goes through diaphragm and lastly
- Proceeds to abdominal cavity
What 12 (sort of) branches does the 10th cranial nerve have
- N. Laryngeus cranialis:
>Laryngeal mucosal layer and cricothyroid
muscle - N. Laryngeus caudalis:
- N. Laryngeus recurrens:
>Near cardiac base, goes around aorta
proceeds cranially to larynx along trachea
>Mucosal layer and muscles of larynx, pharynx,
and esophagus. - Ramus meningeus:
>Cerebral meninges - Ramus auricularis:
>Skin on internal surface of auricle - Ramus pharyngei:
>Pharyngeal mucosal layer and muscles - Ramus cardiaci:
>Affect the functioning of heart - Ramus bronchales:
>Lungs and bronchi - Ramus oesophagei:
>Esophagus - Ramus atriales ruminis:
>all parts of the complex stomach - Truncus vagalis dorsalis:
>Internal surface of stomach, celiac branches +
renal branches, kidneys and adrenal glands - Truncus vagalis ventralis:
>Surface of gastric wall, pyloric branc, duodenal beanches and hepatic branches
Nervus Accessorius
> Motor
From medulla oblongata, with spinal roots at cranial part of spinal cord.
Goes through foramen jugulare/Foramen lacerum
Branches
- Ramus internus: communicates with vagal nerve
- Ramus externus: Trapezius, sternocephalicus
and brachiocephalicus
Nervus Hypoglossus
> Motor
From medulla oblongata
Innervates tongue, thyroid muscle, geniohyoid muscle and controls swallowing
In eq, passes through guttural pouch
Goes through Canalis nervi hypoglossi
