Cranial Nerves Flashcards by Hunter Jacques

Cranial nerves leave the brain through..

Foramina or fissures

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PNS cranial nerves

12 nerves
Attach directly to the brain
Can be sensory or motor or both

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CN 1 Olfactory:

Function-

Location-

Sensory or motor-

Smell

Anterior cranial fossa- fibers travel through the cribriform plate

Pure sensory

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CN 2 optic:

Function-

Location-

Sensory or motor-

Sight

Optic canal to posterior globe

Sensory

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CN 3 oculomotor:

Function-

Location-

S or M-

Extra ocular movement

Superior orbital fissure

Motor

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CN 4 trochlear:

Function-

Location-

S or M-

Extra ocular movement

Superior orbital fissure

Motor

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CN 5 trigeminal:

Known as the _____ cranial nerve

Motor or sensory

Largest

Both

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CN 5 trigeminal 3 divisions:

Opthalmic 5-1
Maxillary 5-2
Mandibular 5-3

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CN 5-1 opthalmic (smallest)

Function-

Location-

S or M-

Sensory to forehead region

Superior orbital fissure

Sensory

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3 branches of 5-1 opthalmic:

S or M-

Location-

All sensory

Go to forehead

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CN 5-2 maxillary:

Function:

Location:

Major branches:

Sensory (afferent)

Foramen rotundum

Maxillary sinuses
Nasal cavity
Palate
Skin around

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Branches of 5-2:

Zygomatic nerve
Infraorbital nerve
ASA/MSA
Posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSA)
Pterygopalatine ganglion 
Nasopalatine nerve

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5-2 branch- zygomatic nerve

Function-

Location-

Sensory for lacrimal gland, skin of cheek, and temporal area

Enters pterygopalatine fossa from the inferior orbital fissure

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5-2 branch - infraorbital nerve

Function-

Location-

Direct anterior continuation of V2, sensory, loser eyelid, upper lip, side of nose

Anterior superior alveolar
Middle superior alveolar
Passes through infraorbital Foramen creating ASA and MSA

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5-2 branch of infraorbital- ASA/MSA

Function-

M or s-

ASA: Max ant teeth, labial gingiva and periodontium
MSA: Max premolars and mesial buccal root, Max 1st molar, buccal gingiva and periodontium

*MSA exists in about 27% of people

Sensory

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5-2 branch- posterior superior alveolar (PSA)-

Function-

Location-

Maxillary molars except the mesial buccal root of the 1st molar, surrounds periodontium

Arises after the pterygopalatine ganglion

5-2 branch- pterygopalatine ganglion

Function-

3 branches:

Sensory

Lesser- area posterior to its Foramen (soft palate and palatine tonsils)
Greater- posterior palatial gingiva
Naso- anterior palatal tissue

foramen b/w 8-9
palatal tissues b/w 6-11

5-2 branch- nasopalatine nerve

Function-

Location-

S or M-

Anterior palatal tissues 6-11, may contribute to anterior teeth

May anastomose with the greater palatine nerve

Sensory

5-3 Mandibular

Function-

Location-

Sensory and motor

Passes through foramen ovale

*ROS

5-3 motor branches off Mandibular-

*muscles of mastication + mylohyoid

Nerves:

Temporal nerves
Masseteric nerve
Mesial and lateral pterygoid nerves
Mylohyoid nerve- floor of mouth

5-3 sensory branches off Mandibular:

Buccal, auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar, mental, incisive

Sensory branches of V3

Buccal:

Auriculotemporal:

Buccal mucosa and buccal gingiva associated with the Mandibular molars.

Ear and skin surrounding the ear

Sensory branches of V3-

Lingual:

Inferior alveolar:

Body of tongue, floor of mouth and lingual Mandibular gingiva. Travels with chordatympani.

Between army’s and sphenomandibular ligament, enters mandibular foramen

Sensory branches off V3-

Mental:

Incisive:

Facial soft tissues and Buccal mucosa from foramen anteriorly

2nd premolar anterior with Buccal gingiva and periodontium.

considered the terminal branch of IA
both are branches of IA

CN 6 Abducens Function Location S or M

Extra ocular movement Superior orbital fissure Pure motor *lazy eye

What cranial nerves have the function extra ocular movement

3,4, 6

CN 7 Facial Function Location Branches with parotid gland

Sensory and motor Stylomastoid foramen Chordatympani for the ant 2/3 of tongue (sublingual and submandibular gland) Paralysis

5 branches of CN 7 Facial

``` Temporal Zygomatic Bi cal Marginal mandibular Cervical ``` *hand to face

CN 8 Acoustic Function Location S or M

Hearing and equilibrium Internal acoustic meatus Pure sensory

CN 9 Glossopharyngeal Function Location S or M

Motor- to muscles of soft palate, parotid gland and middle ear Sensory- post 1/3 of tongue Exits through jugular foramen Mixed

CN 10 Vagus Function Location S or M

Most smooth muscles of the body, cardiac muscles and glands Exits jugular *extends more than any other CN Mixed "Soft palate nerve"

CN 11 Spinal Accessory Function Location S or M

Trapezius and SCM Exits jugular foramen Pure motor

CN 12 Hypoglossal Function Location S or M

Tongue muscles and contributes to trapezius, SCM, soft palate and pharynx Hypoglossal canal (skull) Pure motor