Cranium: openings and so on Flashcards

1
Q

What structure in the middle cranial fossa connects to the orbit?

A

superior orbital fissure

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2
Q

What passes through superior orbital fissure located in the middle cranial fossa?

A
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (NC IV)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
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3
Q

The Oculomotor nerve (CN III), Trochlear nerve (NC IV), Abducens nerve (CN VI) and Ophthalmic nerve (V1) all pass through what structure in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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4
Q

What structures pass through the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord/brainstem transition

Vertebral arteries

Spinal Root of CN 11

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5
Q

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (9), vagus nerve (10), spinal accessory nerve (11), and internal jugular vein

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6
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (9), vagus nerve (10), spinal accessory nerve (11), and internal jugular vein (from _________) and then through what foramen in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

sigmoid dural sinus; jugular

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7
Q

Name the structure in the posterior cranial fossa that is on midline and extends to the foramen magnum:

A

internal occipital crest

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8
Q

The largest cranial fossa is:

A

posterior cranial fossa

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9
Q

Name the structure that is not a true foramen of the middle cranial fossa and is mostly filled with fibrocartilage:

A

Foramen lacerum

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10
Q

The carotid canal opens in close proximity to ____ ___ and the internal carotid artery passes across it.

A

Foramen lacerum

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11
Q

The middle meningeal artery enters the cranial cavity/passes through what part of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Foramen spinosum

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12
Q

The mandibular nerve (V3) passes through what part of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Foramen ovale

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13
Q

The pterygopalantine nerve is a branch of the ____. It is located on the ________ fossa.

A

maxillary nerve (V2); pterygopalantine

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14
Q

What structure in the middle cranial fossa does the maxillary nerve (V2) pass through?

A

Foramen rotundum

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15
Q

What part of the skull does the optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic artery pass through?

A

optic canal

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16
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A
optic nerve (CN II)
ophthalmic artery
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17
Q

What connects middle cranial fossa to the orbit?

A

Optic canal

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18
Q

Name the overall name of this Cranial Nerve (number and name) plus the three branches labeled A, B, C.

A
CN V Trigeminal Nerve
V1 Opthalmic (C)
V2 Maxillary (A)
V3 Mandibular (B)
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19
Q

What is this nerve and what does it innervate?

A

Meningeal branch (of CN X)

Innervates (sensory) posterior cranial fossa with some contribution by C1, C2, C3

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20
Q

Cranial Dura: A and B

A

A. Meningeal layer B. Periosteal layer

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21
Q

Name the three types of cranium veins and location

A

1 - cerebral veins. Located within subarachnoid space

2- diploic veins. Located within medullary cavity, within bones

3 - emissary veins. Direct connection from outside to inside

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22
Q

What is the dural fold labeled A?

A

Falx cerebri

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23
Q

What is the dural fold labeled B?

A

Falx cerebelli​

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24
Q

Name A and B structures.

A

A. Tentorium cerebelli B. Diaphragma sellae

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25
Name the sinus structure B and where it drains
Inferior sagittal sinus; Straight sinus
26
Name the sinus structure C and where it drains
Straight sinus; Confluence of the sinuses
27
Name the sinus structure D
Confluence of the sinuses
28
Name the sinus structure E and where it drains
Occipital sinus; Confluence of the sinuses
29
Name the sinus structure A and where it drains
Superior sagittal sinus; Confluence of the sinuses
30
Name the sinus structure B
Inferior petrosal sinus
31
Name the sinus structure C
Transverse sinus
32
Name the sinus structure D
Superior petrosal sinus
33
Name the sinus structure E and where it exits
Sigmoid sinus (S-shaped) and jugular foramen
34
Name the sinus structure A and where it drains
Cavernous sinus; two paths: 1) superiorly, to meet up with Transverse sinus (C) and then to Sigmoid sinus (E) and then Jugular foramen OR 2) drain straight down toward Jugular foramen through the Inferior petrosal sinus (B)
35
What structure DOES NOT pass through the jugular foramen? a. vetibulocochlear nerve b. vagus nerve c. spinal accessory nerve d. internal jugular vein
a. vetibulocochlear nerve
36
The internal jugular vein joins with subclavian vein to form what vein?
brachicephalic vein
37
What structure begins at jugular foramen from the sigmoid dural sinus and then travels inferiorly through the enck and receives tributaries from: - facial vein - lingual veins - thyroid veins - pharyngeal veins
Internal jugular vein
38
Name the 5 layers of SCALP
S - Skin, epidermis and dermis C - subCutaneous fatty later, hypodermis A - Apeneurosis between frontalis and occipitalis L - Loose connective tissue P - Periosteum
39
Major folds of the dura mater:
Falx cerebri Falx cerebelli Diaphragma sellae Tentorium cerebelli
40
Name the 3 Meningeal Arteries
A. Middle meningeal artery (branch of maxillary, which branched from external carotid) B. Anterior meningeal artery (branch of internal carotid) C. Posterior meningeal artery (branch from vertebral artery or occipital artery)
41
What is the hole labeled B?
Foramen rotundum
42
What is the hole labeled C?
Foramen lacerum
43
What is the hole labeled D?
Carotid canal​
44
What is the hole labeled E?
Superior orbital fissure
45
What is the hole labeled F?
Foramen ovale
46
What is the hole labeled G?
Foramen spinosum
47
What is the hole labeled A?
Optic Canal
48
Middle meningeal artery passes through what hole?
Foramen spinosum
49
What muscle inserts on the jugular process of the occipital bone?
rectus capitis lateralis
50
What is the landmark labeled G?
Internal occipital protuberance
51
What is the landmark labeled F?
Internal occipital crest
52
What is the landmark labeled A?
Foramen magnum
53
What is the landmark labeled B?
Hypoglossal canal
54
What is the landmark labeled C?
Jugular foramen
55
What is the landmark labeled D?
Internal auditory meatus
56
What is the landmark labeled E?
Condylar canal
57
What are potential spaces?
It can be used for blood storage when there is trauma.
58
What is the structure B?
Subdural space (potential space)
59
What is the structure C?
Subarachnoid space
60
What is the structure A?
Epidural space (potential space)
61
What structure emerges from skull through stylomastoid foramen and pierces parotid gland?
Facial nerve (CN VII or 7)
62
Facial nerve, CN 7, emerges through the skull through what foramen?
stylomastoid foramen
63
What structure ascends and enters transverse foramen of C6 and then sends branches to deep neck structures, spinal nerves and the spinal cord?
Vertebral artery
64
What does 'epi' mean as a word part?
Above