crime - effects of imprisonment (social)

Question 1

What are the purposes of imprisonment?

Answer 1

• reform
• justice
• safety
• deterrent

Question 2

give three different types of imprisonment

Answer 2

• community service
• house arrest
• prison

Question 3

what is recidivism rates?

Answer 3

how likely a person is to reoffend

Question 4

give two background studies for effects of imprisonment

Answer 4

• Huey + Mcnulty: Prison overcrowding
  
  • provides restrictive and unpleasant environment as punishment
  • overcrowding, boredom, threat of violence lead to anxiety and suicidal thoughts
  • US rates of suicide and overcrowding strong correlation
• pakes and pakes: consequences of prisons
  
  • third lose house
  • 40% lose contact with family
  • 2/3 lose jobs
• develop mental health issues and drug issues in prison
• harder to reintegrate into society

Question 5

What is the aim for Haney and Zimbardo?

Answer 5

whether it’s the individuals or the situation that make prisons brutal

Question 6

what is the sample for Haney and Zimbardo?

Answer 6

• 24 male who were judged to be the most stable, least antisocial and most mature
• volunteers
• stanford uni
• ## news advert and given 15$ per day

Question 7

what was the procedure for Haney and Zimbardo?

Answer 7

• participants randomly allocated roles of prisoner or guard
• mock prison build in basement of stanford uni
• prisoners agreed to have some rights to be suspended
• guards were told to maintain a reasonable degree of order to ensure the prison functioned effectively but no physical abuse - Guards wore khaki shirt and trousers, reflective sunglasses and had a baton
• prisoners arrested in front of homes and blindfolded when taken to prison
  -They were stripped, sprayed with deodorant, given uniform
  (muslin smocks with numbers on front and back, no underwear, a lock on one ankle) and had ‘mug shots’ taken before being taken to their cell and told to remain quiet.

Question 8

what were the findings for Haney and Zimbardo?

Answer 8

• planned to last 14 days but stopped after 6
• Prisoners showed behaviour of a model prisoner (passive,
  dependant, flattened mood). Five had to be released due to extreme depression and crying.
  Most prisoners had internalised the prison (come to believe it).
• When the experiment was over, prisoners were delighted but guards seemed distressed
• Deindividuation - loss of self identity

Question 9

What were the conclusions for Haney and Zimbardo?

Answer 9

• social roles influence behaviour - pathology of power: deterioration of guard behaviour due to power
• ‘deindividuation’ influence behaviour : not feeling responsible for your actions dictated by their roles
• Deterioration of prisoners was due to loss of personal identity, feelings of helplessness,
  dependency and emasculation.

Question 10

what are the applications for reducing offending?

Answer 10

• Restorative justice: victim and offender meet and victim talk about the crime so they can get closure
  
  • can cause potential harm to both parties
  • can reduce reoffending and PTSD
• anger management
  1) Cognitive preparation - trigger
  2) Skills acquisition - strategies
  3) application - applying skills
• CALM (in UK) 24 , 2 hour sessions
• operant conditioning for offenders
• employment programs e.g Aston Villa