crju 101 final exam study set

Question 1

full cash bail

Answer 1

defendant pays the full amount out of pocket, property is also accepted

Question 2

deposit bail

Answer 2

defendant deposits a percent of the bail amount (10%) with the court. When the defendant shows up to court, their deposit is returned.

Question 3

surety bond

Answer 3

the defendant deposits a percentage of the bail amount (10%) to a bonding agent who posts the full bail

Question 4

conditional bail

Answer 4

the defendant is released after promising to obey some specified conditions in lieu of cash, like attending a treatment program before trial.

Question 5

unsecured bond

Answer 5

the defendant is released with no immediate requirement of payment. if the defendant fails to appear in court, they are liable for the full amount.

Question 6

released on recognizance

Answer 6

eligible defendants are released without bail upon their promise to return for trial

Question 7

general deterrence

Answer 7

crime policy that depends on the fear of criminal penalties. The more certain and severe the punishment, the greater the deterrence

Question 8

specific deterrence

Answer 8

crime policy that suggests punishment should be severe enough to convince criminal offenders never to repeat their criminal activity

Question 9

incapacitation

Answer 9

the policy of keeping dangerous criminals in confinement to eliminate repeating their offenses in society

Question 10

retribution/just desert

Answer 10

ensuring the punishment fits the crime

Question 11

rehabilitation

Answer 11

applying treatment so that the offender is no longer a threat to society

Question 12

equity and restitution

Answer 12

providing reimbursement to victims, justice system, and society

Question 13

determinate sentences

Answer 13

creation of sentencing guidelines that give a recommended sentence,
response to disparity and uncertainty to indeterminate sentences, designed to reduce racial and gender disparity and eliminate judicial discretion

Question 14

mandatory sentences

Answer 14

designed to limit judicial discretion and get tough on crime, have increased the size of the correctional population

Question 15

three strikes laws

Answer 15

lengthy prison terms given to a person convicted of three felony offenses, studies have largely shown little or no effect on crime

Question 16

concurrent sentences

Answer 16

sentences served simultaneously
these sentences are the norm

Question 17

consecutive sentences

Answer 17

sentences served one after another

Question 18

step 1: initial contact

Answer 18

involves a police officer observing a crime or dispatched to a crime scene

Question 19

step 2: investigation

Answer 19

involves collection of evidence to produce probable cause

Question 20

step 3: arrest

Answer 20

a legal condition where an individual’s right to freedom is restricted by the police, all must be based on probable cause

Question 21

step 4: custody

Answer 21

following arrests, suspects are detained

Question 22

step 5: charging

Answer 22

police present evidence to a prosecutor, a decision is made on the most appropriate offense based on evidence

Question 23

step 6: preliminary hearing/grand jury

Answer 23

evidence is reviewed objectively. The initial charge may be accepted, modified, or nullified.

Question 24

step 7: arraignment

Answer 24

a formal process wherein the suspect is informed of charges and asked to enter a plea

Question 25

step 8: bail/detention

Answer 25

a formal process wherein the decision is made on whether to release the suspect from custody pending trial. Bail is a payment to the court that ensures the suspect will show up at trial

Question 26

step 9: plea bargaining

Answer 26

a formal process wherein the prosecutor and defense attorney bargain for a change of the defendant’s plea. Prosecution wants to avoid trial.

Question 27

step 10: trial and adjudication

Answer 27

a formal process wherein the prosecutor presents evidence and attempts to remove reasonable doubt of the defendant

Question 28

step 11: sentencing

Answer 28

if convicted, the offender is sentenced to fine or prison

Question 29

step 12: appeal/ post conviction

Answer 29

following conviction the defense may ask the court to set aside the verdict or as a higher court to retry the decision

Question 30

step 13: correctional treatment

Answer 30

after sentencing, the offender is placed in the custody of a correctional system

Question 31

step 14: release

Answer 31

after the offender has served time, they are released and can return to society

Question 32

step 15: post release

Answer 32

in some situations, ex-offenders may be required to continue treatment and supervision in a community based program like a halfway house or pre-release facility