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A Level Geography > Crowded Coasts: Competition for Coasts Unit 2 > Flashcards

Crowded Coasts: Competition for Coasts Unit 2 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Name the four physical factors that influence the coast?

A

Marine factors

terrestrial factors atmospheric factors human factors

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2
Q

What is a marine factor?

A

Factors that relate to the movement of waves

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3
Q

Name 5 marine factors

A

Types of tides: Constructive and destructive

Erosion (corrosion,hydraulic action ,attrition,abrasion) CHAA

Biotic feature : coral reef, sharks, kelp, crabs

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4
Q

What is a terrestrial factor ?

A

Ones that involve land forms

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5
Q

Give 4 examples of terrestrial factors

A

Weathering, deposition lithology (characteristic of the rock)
Longshore drift

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5
Q

What is an atmospheric factor?

A

Atmosphere relating factors that impact the coast

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6
Q

Name four atmospheric factors

A

Solar energy
Climate
Carbon emissions
The earths orbit

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7
Q

What is a human factor

A

Things that are man-made that influence the coast

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8
Q

Give five examples of human factors

A 
Pollution 
tourism 
sea defence 
conservation 
buildings
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9
Q

What is an ecosystem ?

A

An ecosystem is a community of living and non living organisms (like water and soil) that effect each other (Perhaps though the foodchain)

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10
Q

What is a High value ecosystem ?

A 
It must have some of the following : 
Scenic beauty 
Very biodiverse
Sought after Place of tourism
Endemic species (species unique to the location)
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11
Q

Name 4 high value ecosystems

A

Coral reef
Mangroves
Sand dunes
Salt Marshes

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12
Q

What is research ?

A

Secondary Data collected from somewhere else

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13
Q

What is fieldwork

A

Primary work that you collected yourself

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14
Q

Give five examples of primary

A 
Interviews 
Questionnaires 
Litter Surveys 
SWOT (Strengths weaknesses Oppurtunities& threats)
Mapping of Land Use 
Taking photographs
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15
Q

Give five examples of secondary research

A 
GIS (like Google maps) 
Old photographs 
News articles 
Journals 
Old house prices to see impact of tourism on zoopla.com
Government statistics
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16
Q

What are mudflats ?

A

It is a very saturated area of land that forms when mud is deposited by tides or rivers

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17
Q

How do mudflats influence the coast? ( value, geology,materials, ecosystems

A

Provide a rich habitat for shellfish such as cockles➡️ presence of these organisms makes soil fertile so farmers have good harvest

Other organisms such as eel grass

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18
Q

Name a mudflat in the UK

A

Morecombe Bay, NE England

The Wash, East Anglia East Coast of England

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19
Q

What are mangroves?

A

Trees and shrubs with dense root systemsthat are salt tolerant and grow in swampy waters

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20
Q

Give examples of some mangroves

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A

The Sunderbans, Bangladesh and Eastern India

21
Q

How do mangroves influence the coast?

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A

They transfer organic matter from the land to marine Eco systems

They are nurseries for fish

The dense root systems are home for fish crabs and shrimps

They are nesting sites for hundreds of bird species as well as reptile amphibian and mammal species

Provide a flood barrier-they trap silt which helps create new land thus combatting erosion, In the 2004 Asian tsunami 2 people died in one village in Sri Lanka that was protected by dense mangroves vs 6000 people dying in an area without similar vegetation.

22
Q

What are coral reef?

Study These Flashcards
A

A biodiverse ecosystem

23
Q

Give some examples of coral

Study These Flashcards
A

The Great Barrier Reef

Florida Reef

24
How do coral reef influence the coast
Provide habitat for: algae, sea slugs, oysters , clams crabs shrimp - they are. Home to over 25% of marine fish species
25
What is coastalisation
When people move to live in coastal areas
26
What attracts people to the coast?
Farmers may move to the coast as rain for is higher at the coast (especially in Australia to escape the low rainfall in the middle region of the country) businesses locate to the coast so they have fewer transportation costs as ports are near the coast house prices are cheaper Retired people may be attracted to the coast as a result of the warmer weather and lovely scenery Places with lovely scenery eg Pembrokeshire coast , has a national park Jurassic coast is a world heritage site so it has scientific value
27
What attracts people to the coast in Florida?
75% of people that live in Florida live along the coast When the Florida Everglades shrunk by 80% which is made it difficult to provide fresh water however by the coast this is not a problem
28
What attracts people to the Bournemouth coastline?
In 1851 it was a village of 695 people by 2012 its population was over 183 000 Has a Bournemouth university - attracts young people Has the fastest growing digital economy Climate- Has the UK's second sunniest summer Accessibility - the Bournemouth railway means it's just 2 hours from London
29
Give an example of a foreign coastline that has been developed into a coastal resort
Benidorm, Spain Has a population of 67,000 In summertime its population can peak to over half a million
30
What attracts tourists to Benidorm, Spain
Good night-life with bars and clubs - attracts young people Theme parks pubs and restaurants Has skyscraper hotels 3 'blue flag' status beaches (they are certified as clean' Climate- over 22% of people along the Spanish coastline are over 65
31
What is generally the cause of exponential growth to coastal environments? Is it natural increase or inward migration
Inward migration from other parts of the UK
32
State foreign coastline studies
Benidorm Spain Florida Australia
33
What attracts people to the Australlian Coast?
60% of Australlian residents live along the coast Service Jobs in tourism attract young people to the coast coastal towns offer outdoors lifestyle as well as urban attractions such as theatres restaurants and culture house prices are cheaper so young families generally move there
34
Where is the Jurassic coast?
It's a coastline in the SW of England going from Devon to Dorset
35
Why does theJurassic coast attract tourists?
England's first UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE so it's recognised internationally for its scientific importance Many blue flag beaches Fossils- released due to coastal erosion can interest people who seek to discover more about prehistoric life
36
What have been the economic advantages of Tourism to the Jurassic Coast
Employment opportunities as many more jobs have been created Tourists spend money which boosts the local economy Local population has more money to spend which boost the local economy (multiplier effect) Local infrastructure is improved to accommodate and attract more tourists
37
What have been the disadvantages of Tourism to the Jurassic Coast
Increase in air and noise illusion Increased property prices , pricing out the locals Many Jobs created are seasonal
38
Constructive wave (marine factor)
The flow of water up the beach as the wave advances is stronger than the flow of water away from the beach this means a lot of material is deposited onto the beach
39
What is deposition and what type of physical factor is it
When the sea has less energy ,material that has been eroded from the coast is transported by the sea Terrestrial
40
What is a spit and what type of physical factor is it
It's an extended stretch of beach material that only joins the beach at one end it is built during longshore drift Eg Spurn head , Humberside, Holderness Coast
41
How does surface run off as a result of tourism ( a human factor) lead to the degradation of the coast
Due to a large amount of people migrating to the coast , development of buildings and infrastructure has increased eg railways to accommodate the people . On average the Great Barrier Reef has over 2 million visitors a year meaning development is inevitable in order to satisfy wants and needs leading to surface run off as there is decreased infiltration due to large areas of concrete covered land The run off carries large amounts of sediment and pesticides this leads to poor quality water as eutrophication takes place, the algae grows on the reef causing organisms that require the reef to die
42
How does marine debris as a result of tourism ( a human factor) lead to the degradation of the coast
When plastic debris enters the ocean it can cause the death of reef species, abandoned fish nets entangle and kill reef organisms even damaging reef
43
Has Bournemouth had rapid growth ?
Yes it grew 6.4% between 1995 and 2005
44
Why does Bournemouth attract working age people
It has a slightly higher than average working population at 66.5% rather than 64.1% nationally Increase in number of jobs in the service sector has Barclays and Santander Bournemouth University- allows people to become skilled graduates Fastest growing digital economy
46
How much of the worlds mangroves have been destroyed and why
35% mangroves are often cleared for development in New Zealand some mangrove forests were cleared to make space for the Raylan harbour meaning many organisms lost there habitat or were forced to migrate causing a major shift in the food chain and a loss of biodiversity This also means an increase in C02 emissions as mangroves are carbon stores
47
Give an example of a man made reef
An example of an artificial reef is the Boscombe Surf Reef in Boscombe, Dorset, UK
48
What is a surf reef?
Many sand filled bags being placed along the shoreline to increase wave size.
49
What are the benefits of the Surf Reef at Boscombe?
By enhancing surfing conditions it will increase tourism. The tourism led to regeneration of the area as the pier was refurbished
50
Why is the artificial surf reef at Boscombe controversial
The Dorset Coastline (Jurassic Coast) is a World Heritage Coast meaning according to UNESCO it has special physical significance and should be protected
51
What are the costs of the Surf Reef at Boscombe?
IT cost more than the anticipated 3 mill at 11 instead. It was closed in 2011 due to safety reasons and the improvements that had to be made to it cost After all the money spent n November 2014 it was reported that surfers had "given up" on the reef, as it made them "a laughing stock"
52
Who were the stakeholders at Boscombe
DEFRA (government) Tourists Local business' Dorset county council

A Level Geography (5 decks)

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