Crusades

Question 1

L8: List 4 ‘aspects’ of strong historical writing

Answer 1

Evidence, analysis, structure and clarity and fluency.

Question 2

L8: List the three motivations to go on Crusade
(G, G, G)

Answer 2

God-motivated by religious beliefs
Greed- motivated by personal gain
Glory- motivated by fame, adventure or a better social status.

Question 3

L8: Add details about the motivation to go on Crusade- Glory

Answer 3

-Leaders of Crusades became famous and respected figures.
-Could gain kingdoms and titles from land conquered during Crusades.
-Ordinary people could join Crusade and see new parts of the world.

Question 4

L8: Add details about the motivation to go on Crusade-Greed

Answer 4

-Crusaders could become rich from participating.
-Crusaders looted and pillaged cities that they conquered.
-Could take possessions of enemies killed.

Question 5

L8: Add details about the motivation to go on Crusade-God

Answer 5

-Participating=sins forgiven
-Dying in Crusade=guaranteed entry to Heaven
-Crusade=God’s will

Question 6

L7: What was the first deal made with the Venetians?

Answer 6

-Crusaders pay 85,000 silver marks
-Venice would build a flew of 450 ships + transport 33,500 Crusaders to Egypt
-Required a full year of prep this meant that there was significant disruption in commercial activity

Question 7

L7: Why was Saladin’s Empire divided by his death?

How did this affect the Crusaders?

Answer 7

Divided between 3 sons and 2 brothers which led to infighting and conflict and disunity

-Disunity led to opportunity for the Crusaders to retake Jerusalem
-Plan to attack and conquer Egypt, the strongest Muslim state in the region, before attacking Jerusalem.

Question 8

L7: Why was the increased distrust between the Byzantine Empire and the Crusaders?

Answer 8

-B.E. refused to allow Fredrick B passage into Anatolia
-Believed support rebellions in breakaways provinces
-Barbarossa became angry and threatened to besiege the city of Constantinople
-Richard the Lionheart seized breakaway Byzantine province of Cyprus on his way to H.L. then he sold rather than returned it to B.E.

Question 9

L7: What happened after the Byzantine Emperor, Isaac, was deposed?

Answer 9

-New Emperor had brother (Isaac) blinded + exiled
- Alexis= anxious to shore up position so he bankrupted the treasury giving gifts to supporters.
- Neglected crucial responsibility for defense + diplomacy

Question 10

L4: Why was the relationships between Western Europe and other communities bad?
State 3 Reasons.

Answer 10

-Barbarity of Crusaders horrified and angered Muslims
-B.E. became more suspicious of Crusaders b/c their territory wasn’t given to B.E as promised
-Jewish people in Europe in the M.E. faced more persecution from Christians.

Question 11

L2: What were the consequences of the Seljuk invasions?

Answer 11

-Pilgrimages became more dangerous because Turks robbed enslaved and killed Pilgrims entering territory and allegedly massacred 3000 Christians and burned churches
- Severely weakened B.E because lost most populous and wealthy regions which led to civil war and economic crisis

Question 12

L2 : Define pilgrimage and state three reasons Christians would go on them

Answer 12

Journey made to a holy place to worship a sacred shrine

-Forgiveness of sins
- Show devotion get to Heaven
-Sometimes cure illness or disease

Question 13

L7: What was a Crusade?

Define and explain the location and goal.

Answer 13

A Crusade was a holy war fought to defend Crusaders against external and internal enemies.

Mainly against Muslims in the Holy Lands and focused on the control of Jerusalem.