Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

M2M Unit IV > CT- Bone and Cartilage > Flashcards

CT- Bone and Cartilage Flashcards

(90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Fibrocartilage contains _____ that is very similar to dense regular connective tissue.

A

large bundles of regularly arranged collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

_______ is growth from within.

A

Interstitial Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

_______ causes defective resorption and increased bone mass.

A

Osteopetrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chondrocytes reside in an isolated compartment called a _______.

A

lacuna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

______ are derived from monocytes in the blood.

A

Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Interstitial Growth is growth _____.

A

from within

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteoblasts initiate mineralization of the osteoid by secreting _______.

A

matrix vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The inner surface where trabeculae contact internal soft tissue is called the ______.

A

endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hyaluronic acid promotes _______ and _______.

A

hydration; flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_______ are present in the periosteal and endosteal surfaces, and in the soft connective tissue of the channels.

A

Osteoprogenitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chondrocytes make _____ and _____.

A

cartilage matrix; tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bone matrix is unique in that it contains large amounts of a crystallized form of ____ and ___ called hydroxyapatite

A

Ca2+; PO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

______ can also arise from an external layer of connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage called the perichondrium.

A

Chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osteomalacia Rickets causes ______ by interfering with mineralization.

A

abnormal increase in uncalcified osteoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Long range signals include _________ and________.

A

steroid hormones; calcium regulation hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Osteoclasts are derived from ______ in the blood.

A

monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does appositional growth occur (specifically)?

A

perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

______ causes abnormal increase in uncalcified osteoid by interfering with mineralization.

A

Osteomalacia Rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osteoblasts secrete _____.

A

osteoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______ contains collagen that forms relatively thin fibrils that are generally arranged in an irregular three dimensional pattern.

A

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The ground substance of hyaline cartilage is rich in proteoglycans and the free glycosaminoglycan _____.

A

hyaluronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is osteoid?

A

un-mineralized extracellular matrix of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fibrocartilage is found where _____and also in the _____.

A

tendons attach to bones; intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Elastic cartilage also contains thin collagen fibrils and proteoglycans, but is distinguished by abundant _____ and lamellae of _____.

A

elastic fibers; elastic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stimulates calcium liberation (bone resorption).
Parathyroid hormone
20
Osteoblasts initiate __________ by secreting matrix vesicles.
mineralization of the osteoid
21
Osteoprogenitor cells can generate _____ and \_\_\_\_\_.
osteoblasts and osteocytes
21
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ do not divide.
Osteocytes
22
Osteocytes are directly derived from \_\_\_\_\_.
osteoblasts
22
Osteocytes extend long processes through tiny channels, called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
canaliculi
22
At birth, the only region of proliferative cartilage that remains is beneath _________ and is called the epiphyseal plate.
these epiphyseal ossification regions
23
\_\_\_\_\_ arise initially from primitive mesenchymal cells.
Chondrocytes
23
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is growth at the surface.
Appositional growth
23
Once growth stops, only a sheath of non-proliferative cartilage remains at the very end, called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
articular cartilage
24
The _____ all form by intramembranous ossification.
flat bones
26
Bone marrow consists of either _____ (red bone marrow) or _____ (white bone marrow).
hematopoietic tissue; adipose cells
27
\_\_\_\_\_\_ link Haversian canals to each other and to the periosteum at the bone surface.
Volkmann’s canals
28
Chondrocytes can also arise from an external layer of connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage called the \_\_\_\_\_\_.
perichondrium
29
Bone lamellae surrounding a Haversian canal in concentric rings are called the \_\_\_\_\_.
osteon
30
What does BMPs stand for?
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
30
Bone remodeling patterns are altered by ____ and other mechanical strains.
muscular movements
31
Intramembranous ossification occurs in the absence of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
pre-made cartilage tissue
31
Name a short range signal.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs)
33
The _____ contains dense connective tissue containing fibroblasts, bone precursors, and bone cells.
periosteum
34
What is the initial product of intramembranous ossification?
a trabecular network of bone
35
\_\_\_\_\_\_ contains large bundles of regularly arranged collagen that is very similar to dense regular connective tissue.
Fibrocartilage
36
\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs in the absence of a pre-made cartilage tissue.
Intramembranous ossification
37
Bone matrix is unique in that it contains large amounts of a crystallized form of Ca2+ and PO4 called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
hydroxyapatite
38
The outer surface covering the bone is called the \_\_\_\_\_.
periosteum
39
What are isogenous groups?
groups of chondroctyes within a lacuna or still close together that are clones of cells derived from mitosis
40
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs within previously made cartilage tissue.
Endochondral ossification
42
Within the spaces between the trabeculae of the inner spongy bone is \_\_\_\_\_\_.
bone marrow
43
\_\_\_\_\_\_ stimulates calcium uptake into bone.
Calcitonin
45
Elastic cartilage is found in the \_\_\_\_\_, in the \_\_\_\_, and the \_\_\_\_\_.
external ear, epiglottis, larynx
46
Endochondral ossification occurs within \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
previously made cartilage tissue.
48
\_\_\_\_\_ also contains thin collagen fibrils and proteoglycans, but is distinguished by abundant elastic fibers and lamellae of elastic material.
Elastic cartilage
50
The periosteum contains dense connective tissue containing \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_.
fibroblasts; bone precursors; bone cells
52
The _______ is where most calcium mobilization and storage occurs.
endosteum
53
Parathyroid hormone stimulates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
calcium liberation (bone resorption).
54
Osteoblasts are connected to each other and to nearby osteocytes by \_\_\_\_\_\_.
gap junctions
55
\_\_\_\_\_\_ provides most of the strength of the bone for support, while the ______ provide extensive surface area for metabolism.
Compact bone; trabeculae
56
Bone marrow consists of either hematopoietic tissue (\_\_\_\_\_\_) or adipose cells (\_\_\_\_\_\_).
red bone marrow; white bone marrow
57
The ______ is rich in proteoglycans and the free glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid.
ground substance of hyaline cartilage
58
Appositional growth is growth \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
at the surface
59
\_\_\_\_\_\_ promotes hydration and flexibility.
Hyaluronic acid
60
Calcitonin stimulates \_\_\_\_\_\_.
calcium uptake into bone
62
The endosteum is where most ______ and _____ occurs.
calcium mobilization; storage
63
What is condensation?
groups of mesenchymal cells coming together
65
Compact bone provides _______ , while the trabeculae provide \_\_\_\_\_.
most of the strength of the bone for support; extensive surface area for metabolism
66
Spongy bone is also called _____ or \_\_\_\_\_\_.
cancellous; trabecular bone
67
\_\_\_\_\_ is found where tendons attach to bones and also in the intervertebral discs.
Fibrocartilage
68
\_\_\_\_\_\_ leads to decrease in bone mass due to defects in resorption/formation coupling.
Osteoporosis
69
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is found in the external ear, in the epiglottis, and the larynx.
Elastic cartilage
70
In long bones, channels that traverse the long axis through compact bone are called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Haversian canals
71
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are stem cells that are capable of cell division.
Osteoprogenitor cells
72
Osteoblasts line the inner layers of both the ______ and _____ surfaces.
periosteal; endosteal
73
Proliferative chondrocytes are sometimes called \_\_\_\_\_.
chondroblasts
74
Chondrocytes arise initially from \_\_\_\_\_\_.
primitive mesenchymal cells
76
The _______ is designed to resist compression and sheer forces.
fibrocartilage ECM
78
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ make cartilage matrix and tissue.
Chondrocytes
80
Volkmann’s canals link _____ to each other and to the ______ at the bone surface.
Haversian canals; periosteum
81
Osteoporosis leads to decrease in bone mass due to defects in \_\_\_\_\_\_.
resorption/formation coupling
83
Hyaline cartilage contains collagen that forms _____ that are generally arranged in \_\_\_\_\_\_.
relatively thin fibrils; an irregular three dimensional pattern.
84
\_\_\_\_\_ is important for systems that promote calcium uptake from the intestine.
Vitamin D
85
Elements of the central and peripheral nervous system can control \_\_\_\_\_\_.
bone metabolism
86
Vitamin D is important for systems that promote \_\_\_\_\_.
calcium uptake from the intestine
87
Osteopetrosis causes ______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.
defective resorption and increased bone mass
88
Bone and cartilage regulation is mediated by: 1) \_\_\_\_\_\_, 2)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and 3)\_\_\_\_\_\_.
1) short range signals 2) long range signals 3) mechanical stress 4) neuronal stimulation
89
\_\_\_\_\_\_ secrete osteoid.
Osteoblasts
90
At birth, the only region of proliferative cartilage that remains is beneath these epiphyseal ossification regions and is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
epiphyseal plate

M2M Unit IV (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions