CTL Week 11 Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is pharmacology
- Study of all aspects of drugs or medicines, legal or illegal
- Prescription and over the counter medication
- Beneficial or toxic effects
what are pharmacodynamics
The action of a drug, what it does to the body
o Qualitative: targets for drug action
o Quantitative: magnitude of response - Potency, therapeutic efficacy, tolerance
what are pharmacokinetics
- What the body does to the drug
- Fate of the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism and distribution)
what are pharmacotherapeutics
Use of the drug for treatment to cure a disease
o Delay disease progression
o Alleviate S+S of disease
what is a side effect
Effect that is not the primary purpose for giving the drug (desirable or undesirable)
what is an adverse drug reaction
Unintended and undesirable to a drug
what does a pharmacy do
- Deals with manufacturing, preparation and dispensing the drugs
what are pharmaceutics
Science of preparation and dispensing of drugs
what is formulation of a drug
Form in which the drug is administered
- Tablet, injection, eye-drop, ointment
what does indication mean
Illness or disorder for which the drug is useful for
what is a contraindication
Situation or condition in which a drug should not be used /used with caution
how is a drug named
- As a drug is developed and then marketed it collects three different names
- chemical name
- approved/generic/non-propriety name
- propriety/brand/trade name
example
- Chemical name: N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
- Generic name: acetaminophen
- Proprietary names: Tylenol
what does an agonist drug do
o Activate target receptor
what does an antagonist drug do
block target receptor
what are the classes of proteins that interact with drug targets
Ion channels
- membrane pores that allow ions to traverse biological membranes
- Ex: Na channels
Receptors
- Cell surface/ intracellular proteins
- Ex: Serotonin receptor
Enzymes
- Metabolise endogenous (hormones)/exogenous (drugs, toxins) substrates
- Ex: statins
Carrier molecules/transporters
- Allow biologics to traverse biological membranes
what are the molecular targets for drugs
- 4 types of proteins
- nucleic acids
- miscellaneous targets
what happens when a natural chemical messenger interacts with a receptor
Bind and stimulates receptor
how do drugs interact with a receptor
may enhance, or mimic, the natural signal that is being sent, or they may inhibit, or modulate those signals
what kind of drugs act on receptors
agonists, antagonist and allosteric modulators
how do agonist drugs act on receptors
- stimulate receptors and mimic endogenous messengers
- possess affinity and efficacy for the receptor
how do antagonist drugs act on receptors
- block receptors and prevent signal being sent
- have affinity for a receptor, but no efficacy
how do allosteric modulators drugs act on receptors
- bind to modulatory site and not the main active site
- changes the shape or behavior of the receptor and how the natural chemical works at the active site
how do allosteric modulator drugs control the response to the endogenous chemical
“volume” control of response to endogenous chemical
- Positive allosteric modulators increase effect of natural chemical
- Negative allosteric modulators decrease the effect
how do drugs interact with ion channels
- Drugs can block ion channels or modulate their opening (increasing or decreasing opening probability)
