Worldview
How a person perceives their relationship to nature, people and institutions
Determined by
Locus of control
Locus of responsibility
Emic vs Etic
Emic- culture-specific theories, concepts, research
Etic- general approach- views people from different cultures as the same
Traditional psychological approaches are ETIC
High context communication
Vs
Low context communication
High context- Grounded in the situation, depends on group understanding, relies on nonverbal communication, changes slowly
Low context- communication relies on the verbal part of message and rapidly changes
Landrum & Betts (1985)
Internalized oppression
System beating, avoidance of whites, denial of significance of race
Try to gain status through education and materials
Conceptual incarceration
Split-self syndrome
Playing it cool
Uncle Tom
Conceptual incarceration - White, Protestant world-view
Split self - Into good and bad parts - AfAf part is bad
Playing it cool - no anger
Uncle Tom - passive or happy to lucky
Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model
- Conformity -preference for whiteness ( white tx)
- Dissonance- confusion about appreciating and depreciating self and others (BIPOC tx)
- Resistance-Immersion- reject whiteness, and appreciate group (BIPOC)
- Introspection- second guess militant beliefs and conflict about autonomy vs group needs (BIPOC but open to others with same worldview)
- Integrative awareness - self-fulfillment and desire to end oppression; evaluative of own and other groups (Worldview)
5.
Black Racial (Nigresence) Identity Model (Cross)
black self hatred —> black self acceptance
- Pre-encounter - low race and racial identity salience assimilation or anti-black/low self-esteem
- Encounter - encounter results in developing black identity
- Immersion-Emersion-
Im-idealizes Blackness and guilty about past anti-blackness
Em-strong black identity and rejection of whiteness (anti-white) - Internalization - want to eradicate racism
Afrocentric or
Biculturalist or
Multiculturalist
White Racial Identity Model
Steps 1-3 of 6 (abandoning racism)
Abandoning racism
1. Contact - denies race, racist, IPS=denial, oblivious
- Disintegration - White guilt/conflict results in over-identifying with BIPOC, paternalistic, retreating into White society.
IPS= suppression of info and ambivalence - Reintegration- solves dissonance by idealizing whiteness and denigrating Blackness. Blames minorities and Believes in reverse racism. IPS=selective perception and negative out-group distortion
White Racial Identity model
Steps 4-6 (Nonracist White identity)
- Pseudo-independence - event results in questioning racism. Intellectualizes race and culture. IPS= selective perception and reshaping reality
- Immersion-Emersion- explores identity, bias and privilege. Experiential and affective understanding of oppression. IPS= hypervigilance and reshaping
- Autonomy - nonracist and seeks out minorities. IPS= flexibility and complexity
