TR - ear wiggling - pulsatile HM

CV Flashcards by Jinesa moodley

Central cyanosis

Hypoxia lung disease
RL shunt- CHD/ eisenmenger
Methaemoglobinaemia- drugs/ toxins

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Irregularly irregular pulse

AVCV
A fib
Ventricular ectopic beats
Complete heart block
Variable ventricular escape

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Causes of a fib

IHD
Rheumatic heart disease
Thyrotoxicosis 
Pneumonia
PE
Alcohol

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Absent radial pulse

Congenital- bilateral 
Arterial emboli (a fib)
Subclavian atheroma 
Previous arterial line
Previous coronary angiography
Cervical rib 
Coarctation of aorta

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A fib vs VEBS

Exercise abolishes VEB, a fib stays

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Collapsing pulse

Aortic regurgitation

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Radio-radial, radio-femoral delay

Cervical rib- r r
AD
Coarcation
Embolism

CACE

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Pulsus paradoxus

Cardiac tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
RCM
Severe COPD

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Malar flush

Mitral stenosis

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Corrigans sign

Exaggerated pulsation of carotid

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Bisiferiens pulse

Mixed AS/AR

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Elevated JVP

RHF
Volume overload
PE
Constrictive pericarditis

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Elevated JVP decreased bp

Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Massive PE

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Elevated JVP and fixed

SVC obstruction

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Canon A waves

Complete heart block
VEBS
VT

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GIANT V waves

ear wiggling
pulsatile HM

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Features of JVP

MOPHAIR
Multi wave form, double flicker 
Occludable
Postural changes
HJR
Above filling 
Impalpable 
Respiratory changes

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Kussmaul sign

Increase JVP on inspiration due to impaired RV filling
Tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
RCM

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Midline sternotomy

CABG

Valve replacement

L submammary

Mitral valvotomy

Pericardial window

Grafts for CABG

Saphenous vein
LIMA
Radial artery

Apical visible haeve

LVH

Parasternal visible haeve

RVH

Unable to locate apex beat

Obese
Air- pneumothorax, emphysema
Fluid- pleural, pericardial effusion

Different position

displacement- laterally- LHF
dextrocardia

Character of apex beat

Tapping Heaving Thrusting

Tapping apex beat

Heaving apex beat

LVH - AS - HTN - HOCM - coarctation of aorta

Thrusting apex beat

MR AR LvF

3rd heart sound

Rapid ventricular filling | Normal in those

Causes of 3rd heart sound

``` Volume overload CCF MR AR Large anterior MI ```

4th heart sound

Poorly compliant ventricle | NEVER A FIB

Causes of 4th heart sound

AS HTN HOCM Post MI

Clues on abdo exam for CV

HM- RHF Ascites- RHF SM- IE AAA

Investigations CV

ECG CXR ECHO urinalysis

Urinalysis CV

IE microscopic haematuria

CXR LHF

``` Alveolar oedema B-- lines Kerley lines Cardiomegaly Diversion, venous upper lobes Efussion, pleural ```

Causes of pericarditis

``` 7 Coxsackie Viral/ fungal Immediately post MI Dressler syndrome 2-10 weeks post MI SLE/ RA/ scleroderma Uraemia Malignancy ```

Pump failure causes

``` Ischaemic heart disease Cardiomyopathy Constrictive pericarditis Arrhythmia Iatrogenic- negative inotropes ```

XA preload

Regurgitatant valvular murmur | Fluid overload- renal failure, IV fluids

XS after load

AS | HTN

Isolated RHF

Cor pulmonale | Primary pul HTN

High output failure

Anaemia Pregnancy Metabolic-- hyperthyroid, pagets

Peripheral cyanosis

``` PVD Raynauds CCF Central cyanosis Shock ```

Carotid pulse Volume= Character =

Volume: normal, thready, bounding Character: normal

Cardio causes finger clubbing

IE atrial myxoma Cyanotic CHD

Nail fold infarcts

Vasculitis | SLE