CV Diseases & Complications Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in CV Diseases & Complications Deck (26)
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1
Q

Define chronic HTN.

A

1) Resting MAP > 100 mmHg
2) DBP > 90
3) SBP > 135

2
Q

What are the types of primary/essential HTN?

A

1) salt-sensitive

2) salt-insensitive

3
Q

What physiological parameters are associated with primary HTN?

A

increased: CO, SNS, AngII, aldosterone

4
Q

In what patients is volume-loading HTN commonly seen?

A

dialysis pts, primary aldosteronism, excessive Na/H2O intake

5
Q

Describe the course, from onset to chronic manifestation, of volume-loading HTN.

A

1) kidney fx compromised
2) baroreceptor initially causes acute decrease in TPR
3) MAP increase is chronic days after baroreflex

6
Q

Describe the 2 manifestations of circulatory shock?

A

shock caused by…

1) decreased CO
2) no change in CO, or increased CO

7
Q

What conditions could cause decreased CO leading to shock?

A

1) cardiogenic: MI, valve dysfunction, arrhythmias

2) decreased preload: hypovolumia, hemorrhage, decreased vascular tone, obstruction

8
Q

What are the stages of circulatory shock?

A

1) nonprogressive/compensated
2) progressive
3) irreversible

9
Q

How does neurogenic shock come about?

A

decreased vascular tone -> decreased preload

due to…anesthesia, VMC damage

10
Q

What is the mechanism behind septic shock?

A

increased fever –> vasodilation –> increased CO

    • heart can’t keep up
    • Ag/Ab agglutination –> clotting
11
Q

What are treatments for shock?

A

1) transfusion
2) dextran solution (to increase colloidal osmotic pressure)
3) sympathomimetics (neuro & anaphylactic)

12
Q

Define heart failure.

A

failure of the heart to supply blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body

13
Q

What are causes of CHF?

A

CAD, MI, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease

14
Q

What are the consequences of compensated heart failure?

A

1) fluid retention –> excessive edema
2) cardiac remodeling & hypertrophy
3) neovascularization

15
Q

How is decompensated heart failure treated?

A

diuretics & digitalis

16
Q

what occurs during decompensated heart failure?

A

CO cannot drive kidney filtration

17
Q

How is recovery achieved in acute cardiac failure?

A

1) sympathetic stimulation

2) kidney

18
Q

What does NPC1 do?

A

absorbs cholesterol

19
Q

What does G5G8 do?

A

effluxes cholesterol

20
Q

What does ACAT2 do?

A

esterifies cholesterol (less toxic form)

21
Q

When is SREBP2 activated?

A

under low-sterol conditions

22
Q

What does SREBP2 stand for?

A

Sterol receptor element binding protein 2

23
Q

What does SREBP2 do?

A

It is cleaved from its regulatory element in the golgi to form a transcription factor to…

1) stimulate LDL receptor synthesis
2) stimulate sterol synthesis…HMG CoA synthase, HMG CoA reductase, squalene epoxidase, e tc

24
Q

What is the target of statins?

A

HMG CoA reductase to inhibit sterol synthesis

25
Q

Where are ABCA1 & ABCG1 located?

A

on the macrophage.

26
Q

What does CETP do?

A

catalyzes reaction from HDL –> LDL