CVS 1&2 Flashcards Preview

Physiology > CVS 1&2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in CVS 1&2 Deck (74)
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0
Q

Conductivity

A

Domotropic Effect

1
Q

Irritability/excitability

A

Chronotropic effect

2
Q

Contractility

A

Inotrophic effect

3
Q

Innermost layer of the heart

A

Endocardium

4
Q

Thickest layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

5
Q

Outermost layer of the heart

A

Pericardium

6
Q

Adherent to the lungs

A

Parietal pericardium

7
Q

Adherent to the heart

A

Visceral Pericardium

8
Q

No overlapping

A

H zone

9
Q

Area of Thin filament

A

I band

10
Q

Thick/myosine filament

A

A band

11
Q

“Crossbridge”

A

Myosine head

12
Q

Node of Keith and flack

A

SA node

13
Q

Located below the superior vena cava and right atrium

A

SA node

14
Q

Node that has no actin and myosin and not specialized for CONTRACTION

A

SA node

15
Q

Node of kent and tawara

A

AV node

16
Q

Conduction rate : 0.05 per minute

A

AV node

17
Q

Only area where we can conduct impulses from atria to ventricle

A

AV node

18
Q

Conduction rate: 1 millisecond

A

Bundle of his

19
Q

Has the fastest conduction velocity of 4 millisecond

A

Purkinje fibers

20
Q

It’s conduction depolarizes the whole atrial muscle tissue

A

SA node

21
Q

Anterior internodal pathway

A

Bachmann Tract

22
Q

Middle internodal pathway

A

Wenckebach Tract

23
Q

Posterior Internodal Pathway

A

Thorel tract

24
Q

In the AV node, the only way to transmit impulses is thru the

A

Bundle of His

25
Q

Depolarizes the interventricular septum

A

AV node

26
Q

T or F: the Postero basal area of the ventricle will be the first to repolarize

A

TRUE

the last to depolarize will be the first to repolarize

27
Q

Parasympathetic NS, fibers come from

A

Vagus nerve ( extrinsic innervation )

28
Q

Right vagus is distributed to

A

SA node

29
Q

Left vagus is distributed to

A

AV node

30
Q

Has muscarinic / cholinergic receptors

A

Parasympathetic Nervous system

31
Q

Sympathetic fibers mainly come from

A

Stellate Ganglion

32
Q

Fusion between t1 and inferior cervical ganglion

A

Stellate ganglion

33
Q

Stimulation decreases heart rate and conduction velocity

A

Parasympathetic NS

34
Q

Increased HR, conduction velocity and atrial and ventricular conduction

A

Sympathetic NS

35
Q

Has beta 1 receptors / adrenergic receptors

A

Sympathetic NS

36
Q

Resting membrane potential/automaticity of the heart

A

Phase IV

37
Q

Rapid depolarization due to sodium influx

A

Phase 0

38
Q

Initial and brief repolarization due to potassium efflux

A

Phase 1

39
Q

Plateau phase due to calcium influx

A

Phase II

40
Q

Rapid repolarization phase due to potassium efflux

A

Phase III

41
Q

Blocked by calcium blockers (Class IV anti arrhythmic drugs)

A

Phase II

42
Q

Blocked by class 3

A

Phase III

43
Q

Blocks sodium channels

A

Class 1

44
Q

Beta blockers

A

Class 2

45
Q

Potassium blockers

A

Class III

46
Q

Calcium blockers

A

Class IV

47
Q

More probe to heart block due to their slow response and slow conductance

A

SA node and AV node

48
Q

Increase duration of cardiac cycle

A

Decrease heart rate

49
Q

Decrease duration of cardiac cycle

A

Increase heart rate

50
Q

Closure of the SL valves and opening of the AV valves

A

Isovolumetric Relaxation Phase

51
Q

ESV

A

50 ml

52
Q

Begins with Opening of AV valve and ends when they close

A

Ventricular filling phase

53
Q

70% of blood goes to the ventricles very rapidly

A

Rapid filling phase

54
Q

Also known as diastasis

A

Reduced filling phase

55
Q

Completes the ventricular filling ( 20-25% ) and not essential to ventricular filling

A

Atrial systole

56
Q

Ventricle is in the contraction phase

A

Systole

57
Q

Begins with the closure of AV valves and ends with the opening of semilunar valves

A

Iso volumetric contraction

58
Q

EDV

A

120ml

59
Q

Begin ha with the opening of Semilunar valves and ends with its closure

A

Ejection phase

60
Q

Has the highest pressure

A

Ejection phase

61
Q

Shorter and rapid phase

A

Rapid ejection phase

62
Q

Decreases ventricular volume

A

Increased aortic and ventricular pressure

63
Q

Longer and slower phase due to increasing pressure in the great arteries and lessening pressure in the ventricles

A

Reduced ejection phase

64
Q

Rapid fall of already falling ventricular pressure while ventricles are still contracting

A

Protodiastole

65
Q

Caused by they push of blood from the aorta to the aortic semilunar valve

A

Incisura or Dicrotic notch

66
Q

Condition in which there is increased atrial pressure

A

Jugular pulses

67
Q

Corresponds to atrial systole

A

A WAVE

68
Q

Produced by bulging of the tricuspid valve into the right atrium during isovolumetric contraction

A

C Wave

69
Q

Rise in atrial pressure before the tricuspid valve opens

A

V Wave

70
Q

1st heart sound

A

Lub

Closure of AV valves

71
Q

2nd heart sound

A

Dub

Closure of SL valves

72
Q

3rd heart sound

A

Rapid ventricular filling

73
Q

4th heart sound

A

Due to atrial systole