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Immunology and Serology > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

Polypeptide products of activated cells that will control a variety of cellular response and thereby regulate the immune response

A

Cytokines

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2
Q

Produced several cascade that will lead to rapid generation of innate and adaptive immune response

A

Cytokines

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3
Q

Is cytokines under humoral or cellular mediated immunity?

A

Humoral

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4
Q

How many different cytokines?

A

Over 200 different cytokines

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5
Q

In cytokines, most fall into the following families: ____________, _____________, ___________, and ________________________

A

In cytokines, most fall into the following families: hematopoietins, interferons, chemokines, and tumor necrosis factors

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6
Q

Cytokines function in what Immunity?

Cytokines mediate early inflammatory reactions to microbial organism and stimulate adaptive immune response.

A

Innate immunity

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7
Q

Cytokines function in what Immunity?

Stimulate proliferation and differentiation of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes and activate specialized effector cells.

A

Adaptive immunity

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8
Q

________________________________- was the first cytokine activity to be described.

A

Migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) was the first cytokine activity to be described.

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9
Q

Function is to perform a T- cell derived activity wherein it will immobilized macrophage migration and because of that it will cause retention and accumulation of phagocytes specifically at the site of inflammation

A

Migratory inhibitory factor (MIF)

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10
Q

It will act as endogenous pyrogen.

A

IL 1

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11
Q

Meaning it can cause fever

A

Pyrogen

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12
Q

o Secreted by macrophages
o Vasculature (inflammation); liver (induction of acute phase proteins); neutrophil activation

A

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)

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13
Q

____________________ – root word __________, meaning they are able to interfere viral replication

A

Interferon alpha – root word interfere, meaning they are able to interfere viral replication

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14
Q

Induces antiviral stage in most nucleates cells; activates NK cells

A

Interferon alpha

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15
Q

They are able to enhance expression of the MHC class 1 molecule – they are able to present the antigen to t cells particularly t cytotoxic

A

Interferon alpha

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16
Q

What secrete interferon alpha?

A

Macrophages

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17
Q

What produce interferon beta?

A

Fibroblasts

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18
Q

___________ – cells of connective
tissues

A

Fibroblasts – cells of connective
tissues

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19
Q

They induces antiviral state in most nucleated cells; activates NK cells

A

INTERFERON BETA

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20
Q

An interleukin that remains intracellularly, and release only when cells will die, because of that it will help attract inflammatory cells, e.g., Neutrophils and Macrophages

A

IL 1A

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21
Q

An interleukin that leads the inflammatory cells to areas where cell and tissues are being damaged or killed.

A

IL 1A

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22
Q

An interleukin that has systemic activities, e.g., Inducing fever or mainly it is a pyrogen.

A

IL 1B

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23
Q

An interleukin that activates phagocytosis

A

IL 1B

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24
Q

IL 1RA also known as

A

RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST

25
Q

An interleukin that act as an endogenous pyrogen

A

IL 1RA

26
Q

They are able to stimulate our
hypothalamus to be activated into producing factors that will induce fever.

A

Endogenous pyrogen

27
Q

It is considered to be the thermostat of the body, wherein it will act by increasing now the body temperature to kill microorganisms.

A

Hypothalamus

28
Q

What secretes IL 1RA?

A

Monocytes
Macrophages
Endothelial cells
Epithelial cells

29
Q

An interleukin that is secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells

A

INTERLEUKIN 12

30
Q

What interleukin is produce in dendritic cells in damaged tissues in response to certain stimuli?

A

Interleukin 12

31
Q

Main function is that it can bind to its receptor on Naïve T cells and can cause the expression of new set of genes including those that determine maturation into Th1 lineage.

A

Interleukin 12

32
Q

An interleukin that is able to bind naïve T cells, because of that, it will cause the expression of new set of genes including those that determine maturation into Th1 lineage

A

Interleukin 12

33
Q

An interleukin that is able to stimulate B cells to proliferate and differentiate in to plasma cells an induces CD4 T cells to produce greater quantities of both pro and inflammatory cytokines.

A

Interleukin 6

34
Q

What produces interleukin 6?

A

Macrophages
Endothelial cells

35
Q

They induces acute phase protein?

A

Liver

36
Q

This Pleiotropic cytokine affects
inflammation, acute phase proteins, immunoglobulin synthesis, because of the activation states of B cells and
T cell.

A

Interleukin 6

37
Q

What are the interleukins of Innate Immunity?

A

IL 1 (IL 1A, IL 1B, IL 1RA)
IL 12
IL 6

38
Q

In contrast innate immunity, cytokines that are involved in the adaptive immune response are mainly secreted by _______.

A

In contrast innate immunity, cytokines that are involved in the adaptive immune response are mainly secreted by T cells.

39
Q

What secretes Interferon Gamma?

A

Th1 cells
CD8 cells
NK cells

40
Q

An interferon that activates macrophages and increases antigen presentation

A

Interferon Gamma

41
Q

Also known as T cell growth factor

A

Interleukin 2

42
Q

What secretes interleukin 2?

A

T cells

43
Q

An interleukin that drive both the growth and differentiation of B and T cells, induce natural killer cells

A

Interleukin 2

44
Q

An interleukin that is able to influence the adaptive immunity by stimulating the production of IgG1 and IgG3
opsonization and complement activation

A

Interleukin 2

45
Q

What produce interleukin 4?

A

Th2 cells
Mast cells

46
Q

__________ - are primarily responsible for antibody mediated immunity

A

Th2 cells are primarily responsible for antibody mediated immunity

47
Q

They promotes Th2 differentiation

A

Interleukin 4

48
Q

One of the key cytokines that will regulate Th2 immune activities and will help drive antibody responses in a variety of diseases

A

Interleukin 4

49
Q

They are expressed on lymphocytes and numerous
non-hematopoietic cells

A

Interleukin 4

50
Q

Its activity on naïve T cells will turn on the genes and generate Th2 cells and turns off the genes that will promote Th1, such as interferons or interferon gamma and R subunits

A

Interleukin 4

51
Q

What secretes Interleukin 5?

A

Th2 subset cells

52
Q

An interleukin that functions in eosinophil activation and generation

A

Interleukin 5

53
Q

What are the Interleukins of adaptive immunity?

A

IL 2
IL 4
IL 5

54
Q

What secretes transforming growth factor beta?

A

T cells
Macrophages and other cell types

55
Q

They inhibits T cell proliferation and effector functions; inhibits B cell proliferation; inhibits macrophages

A

Transforming growth factor beta

56
Q

Third major subclass of CD4 T cells are the _________________ (_____ and ______ cells that are selected in the thymus)

A

Third major subclass of CD4 T cells are the T regulatory cells (CD4 and CD25 cells that are selected in the thymus)

57
Q

They play a key role in establishing tolerance for a wide variety of antigens, allergens, tumor antigens, transplant antigens and infectious agent

A

T regulatory cells

58
Q

_______________________________ - will induce the expression of foxP3 which is a transcription factor that causes the T regulatory cells to suppress the activity of other T cells. Mainly for a TGFB, its effect is inhibitory

A

Transforming Growth Factor Beta will induce the expression of foxP3 which is a transcription factor that causes the T regulatory cells to suppress the activity of other T cells. Mainly for a TGFB, its effect is inhibitory

Immunology and Serology (4 decks)

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