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ABDO FQEs > D2 - Ocular Conditions > Flashcards

D2 - Ocular Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Iritis:

Signs (4)

A

Irregular shaped pupil

Unilateral inflammation of the iris

Limbal injection

Usually bilateral

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2
Q

Iritis (acute):

Symptoms (4)

A

Pain

Reduced VAs

Lacrimation

Photophobia

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3
Q

Iritis (chronic):

Symptoms (1)

A

Very few symptoms

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4
Q

Iritis:

History (3)

A

Arthritis

AIDS

TB

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5
Q

Iritis:

Treatment (2)

A

Mydriatic drops

Systemic steroids

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6
Q

Iritis:

Referral (4)

A

Urgent A&E - phone ahead

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7
Q

Keratitis:

Signs (7)

A

Red eye

Corneal lesion

Inflammation of cornea

Lacrimation

Discharge

Visible corneal ulcer

Usually bilateral

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8
Q

Keratitis:

Symptoms (5)

A

Pain

Blurred vision

Photophobia

Reduced VA if ulcer central

Foreign body sensation

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9
Q

Keratitis:

History (4)

A

Corneal trauma

Contact lens wear

Dry eye - elderly

Herpes sim[lex

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10
Q

Keratitis:

Treatment (3)

A

Antibiotic drops

Steroids

Antiviral drops

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11
Q

Keratitis:

Referrals (1)

A

Urgent to A&E

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12
Q

Hypopyon:

Signs (1)

A

White blood cells deposited in lower anterior chamber

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13
Q

Hypopyon:

Symptoms (1)

A

None

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14
Q

Hypopyon:

History (3)

A

Linked with bacterial keratitis

In severe or long standing cases, hypopyon may be present

May lead to acute secondary glaucoma

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15
Q

Hypopyon:

Treatment (2)

A

Antibiotic drops

Subconjunctival injections

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16
Q

Hypopyon:

Referral (1)

A

Urgent to A&E

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17
Q

Hyphaema:

Signs (1)

A

Blood in anterior chamber

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18
Q

Hyphaema:

Symptoms (3)

A

Pain

Blurred vision - especially if lens displaced

Possible visual field loss if retinal attachment

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19
Q

Hyphaema:

History (2)

A

Blow to eye or orbital region, eg blow out fracture

May lead to secondary glaucoma

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20
Q

Hyphaema:

Treatment (2)

A

Miotics to reduce IOPs

Surgery may be required to remove blood clot or lens

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21
Q

Hyphaema:

Referral (1)

A

A&E

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22
Q

Malignant Melanoma of Iris:

Signs (4)

A

Darker iris area

May appear thicker

May cause distorted pupil

May cause hyphaema

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23
Q

Malignant Melanoma of Iris:

Symptoms (1)

A

None unless causes secondary glaucoma

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24
Q

Malignant Melanoma of Iris:

History (2)

A

Increased uncontrolled growth of melanocyst

Common in over 60s

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25
Malignant Melanoma of Iris: Treatment (3)
None if no bleeding or pupil distortion Surgical if enlargements occurs Removal of tumour, possibly eye
26
Malignant Melanoma of Iris: Referral (1)
GP - urgent
27
Acute Glaucoma: Signs (3)
Red eye Cloudy cornea Oval shaped pupil
28
Acute Glaucoma: Symptoms (4)
Severe pain Frontal headaches Blurred vision Vomiting due to pain
29
Acute Glaucoma: History (1)
Haloes around lights
30
Acute Glaucoma: Treatment (1)
Miotics to reduce IOPs
31
Acute Glaucoma: Referral (1)
A&E - phone ahead and email referral
32
Orbital Cellulitis: Signs (3)
Inflammation of orbital connective tissue Red and swollen lids Swollen and inflamed conjunctiva
33
Orbital Cellulitis: Symptoms (4)
Moderate to severe orbital pain Possible diplopia Reduced VAs Feverish
34
Orbital Cellulitis: History (1)
Bacterial infection spread from sinus or tooth
35
Orbital Cellulitis: Treatment (2)
Immediate hospitalisation - can lead to optic neuritis or meningitis Antibiotics or surgery to drain orbit and infected sinus
36
Orbital Cellulitis: Referral (1)
A&E
37
Episcleritis: Signs (3)
Inflamed sclera Redness and swelling of sclera Can be diffused or defined area near limbus
38
Episcleritis: Symptoms (4)
Slight discomfort Gritty Sensation Photophobia
39
Episcleritis: History (2)
Commonly affects young people Associated with shingles or gout
40
Episcleritis: Treatment (3)
Often disappears without treatment Steroid drops for discomfort Defer contact lens wear
41
Episcleritis: Referral (1)
GP if recurring
42
Scleritis: Signs (3)
Inflamed sclera Redness and swelling Diffuse bulbar injection
43
Scleritis: Symptoms (3)
Pain affecting orbital area, forehead, jaw and eyeball] Photophobia Lacrimation Reduced VAs
44
Scleritis: History (2)
Associated with systemic conditions eg arthritis or shingles Often followed by uveitis, and possibly keratitis, glaucoma and cataract
45
Scleritis: Treatment (2)
Steroid drugs Defer contact lens wear
46
Scleritis: Referral (1)
A&E
47
Retinoblastoma: Signs (3)
White or yellow appearance of pupil Usually unilateral Rare tumour found affecting very young children
48
Retinoblastoma: Symptoms (3)
Reduced vision Rarely noticed unless bilateral Advanced can cause secondary glaucoma
49
Retinoblastoma: History (2)
Nuclear layers in retina arise from genetic mutation Hereditary
50
Retinoblastoma: Treatment (2)
Radiation therapy Removal of eye
51
Retinoblastoma: Referral (1)
A&E
52
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Signs (3)
Eye or nose lesion Misaligned eyelashes 'Pearly' edge, dipped centre, and red area
53
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Symptoms (2)
No pain Possible discomfort if ulcerated
54
Basal Cell Carcinoma: History (1)
Possible previous occurrence
55
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Treatment (1)
Surgical treatment
56
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Referral (1)
GP - further referral to dermatologist
57
Foreign Body: Signs (3)
Red eye Inflammation Lacrimation
58
Foreign Body: Symptoms (5)
Inflammatory reaction Pain Reduced VAs Photophobia Blurred vision
59
Foreign Body: History (1)
Occupational ot DIY accident
60
Foreign Body: Treatment (1)
Remove if possible
61
Foreign Body: Referral (1)
Urgent to A&E if embedded
62
Chemical Burn: Signs (1)
Inflammation
63
Chemical Burn: Symptoms (2)
Pain Blurred vision
64
Chemical Burn: History (1)
Occupational or DIY accident
65
Chemical Burn: Treatment (1)
Immediate irrigation Flush excessively with saline or water
66
Chemical Burn: Referral (1)
Urgent to A&E
67
Trichiasis: Signs (4)
Misdirected eyelashes - growing inwards Inflammation Lacrimation Ulceration of cornea
68
Trichiasis: Symptoms (2)
Pain Reduced VAs - lashes on cornea
69
Trichiasis: History (4)
Eyelash follicles in abnormal position Entropian Blepharitis Congenital
70
Trichiasis: Treatment (2)
Lash removal Bandage contact lens
71
Trichiasis: Referral (1)
GP
72
Macular Degeneration: Signs (2)
No external signs Opthalmoscopy shows pale spots on fundus
73
Macular Degeneration: Symptoms (4)
Loss of central visual field Difficulty with near tasks Straight lines appear wavy Loss of detail
74
Macular Degeneration: History (4)
Hereditary Smoking Female Poor diet
75
Macular Degeneration: Treatment (1)
Wet: Anti VEGF injections Lucentis injections
76
Macular Degeneration: Referral (1)
Urgent GP of sudden onset wet
77
Detached Retina: Signs (3)
No external signs Ophthalmoscopy shows purple-grey area on fundus Retinal blood vessels in area appear darker
78
Detached Retina: Symptoms (4)
Progressive field loss, like shadow or curtain Flashes of light with movement Floaters Reduced VAs
79
Detached Retina: History (4)
High myopia Exertion Aging Cataract surgery
80
Detached Retina: Treatment (3)
Laser Cryotherapy - seals retina onto pigment epithelium Injecting gas in front of detachment to push it back
81
Detached Retina: Referral (1)
Urgent to A&E
82
Acute Glaucoma: Signs (3)
Red eye Cloudy cornea Oval shaped pupil
83
Acute Glaucoma: Symptoms (4)
Severe pain Frontal headaches Blurred vision Vomiting due to pain
84
Acute Glaucoma: History (3)
Haloes around lights Types; acute, open angle, closed angle and congenital Urgent to A&E if IOPs over 34
85
Acute Glaucoma: Treatment (1)
Miotics to reduce IOPs
86
Acute Glaucoma: Referral (1)
Urgent to A&E, phone ahead and email referral

ABDO FQEs (5 decks)

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