DAT biological diversity pt 3 cheat sheet Flashcards
1
Q
Simplest form of a plant with no specialized
vascular system
A
Thallophytes
2
Q
Thallophytes are….
A
aquatuc
3
Q
Aquatic and land habitats
A
bryophytes
4
Q
Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
A
bryophytes
5
Q
Dominant gametophyte stage
A
bryopjytes
6
Q
Grow vertically and tall
A
Tracheophytes
7
Q
Dominant sporophyte stage
A
Tracheophytes
8
Q
ferns and pine trees
A
trachaeophytes
9
Q
Undergo double fertilization
A
angiosperm
10
Q
Most diverse land-based plant
A
angiosperm
11
Q
Non-flagellated male gametes
A
angiosperm
12
Q
Produce flowers and have pollen
A
angiosperms
13
Q
Bear their seeds in fruits
A
angiosperms
14
Q
One cotyledon
A
monocot
15
Q
Parallel veins
A
monocot
16
Q
Scattered vascular bundles
A
monocot
17
Q
Fibrous root system
A
monocots
18
Q
Flower parts in multiples of 3
A
monocots
19
Q
Lilies and Kentucky bluegrass
A
monocots
20
Q
Two cotyledons
A
dicot
21
Q
Net-like veins
A
dicot
22
Q
Ringed vascular bundles
A
dicot
23
Q
Large single tap root
A
dicot
24
Q
Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
A
dicot
25
Oak trees
dicots
26
Megasporocyte, the megaspore mother cells (2n), are converted into
four megaspores (n) via meiosis
Meiosis in Ovary (Female)
27
One megaspore (n) survives and undergoes
mitosis once fertilized to produce the egg cell and polar nuclei
Mitotic Divisions Produce Female Gametophyte
28
Help flank the cell and help attract/guide pollen tube to the female
gametophyte
Two Synergid Cells:
29
Microsporocytes (2n) à four microspores (n) via meiosis
Meiosis Within Anther
30
Microspore undergoes mitosis producing male
gametophyte (n), or the pollen grain. Male gametophyte (n) contains generative cell (forms into two
sperm) and tube cell (forms into pollen tube)
Mitotic Divisions Produce Male Gametophyte
31
Upon reaching ovule, two sperm are discharged
Pollen Tube Elongates Through the Style
32
One male gamete (n) fuses with the female egg gamete (n) to form an
embryo/zygote (2n) & another male gamete fuses with polar nuclei to form endosperm (3n)
Double Fertilization Occurs
33
final step of angiosperm lifecycle
Zygote Develops into Embryo
34
waxy protective
substance
cuticle
35
covering outside of plant parts
epidermal
36
help control gas exchange
guard cells
37
Responsible for most of the metabolic functions
ground tissue
38
Conducts
water and
minerals
throughout
plant
xylem
39
Provide
mechanical
support
xylem
40
Long and tapered,
water passes laterally from one to
another through pits
tracheids
41
Short and wide,
have little to no taper at ends,
perforations allow for H2O to pass
from one vessel element to
another
vessel elements
42
Transports
sugar
throughout
plant
phoelem
43
Made up of
cells called
sieve-tube
members
phoelem
44
Tough outer covering of seed that protects embryo/seed content
seed coat
45
(Seed producing plants only)
angiosperm
46
primary storage tissue (angiosperm)
endosperm
47
= transfers nutrients from endosperm to embryo (angiosperm)
Cotyledons
48
Angiosperm seeds are equivalent to
fertilized animal eggs
49
angiosperm embryo is diploid or haploid
diploid
50
Bending of a plant in response to light
phototropism
51
Bending of a plant in response to gravity
gravitropism
52
Growth response to mechanical stimuli
thigmotropism
53
Influences plant’s response to light +
gravity to stimulate growth/elongation
auxin
54
Promote flower + stem elongation
Gibberellins:
55
Stimulate cytokinesis (cell division)
cytokinins
56
Inhibits growth and promotes
seed dormancy
Abscisic Acid:
57
Promotes fruit ripening, flower
production, and leaf abscission
Ethylene Gas:
58
Protective layer covered w/ cuticle to reduce
transpiration (water loss through evaporation)
eipdermis
59
Has cells w/ chloroplasts and is the primary site
for leaf photosynthesis
palisade mesophyll
60
Consist of xylem and phloem – surrounded by
bundle sheath cell
vascular bundles
61
Specialized epidermal cells to control opening of
stomata and permit gas exchange
guard cells
62
Intracellular spaces allow for gas
travel
spongy mesophyll
63
Microscopic pore in epidermis that
allows for gas exchange between
plant and external environment
stomata
64
when stomata is open....
When open, CO2 can enter the leaf
where photosynthesis can then
occur to make sugar, can lead to water loss
65
Increases length of plant
primary growth
66
Increases girth of plant
secondary
67
A plant’s response to
changes in length of day
and night (photoperiod)
Photoperiodism
68
flower when sunlight is
less than half the day
short day plants
69
flower when sunlight is
more than half the day
long day plants
