Database Management

Question 1

What is data

Answer 1

Unprocessed numbers, facts or signals
Must be processed and organised into meaningful information to be used

Question 2

What are databases

Answer 2

A collection of organised data
The single most important tool for developers

Question 3

What are 3 examples of uses of databases

Answer 3

Store the settings in an application
Store text on a website
Store graphics

Question 4

What are 2 things that database management software does

Answer 4

Creates the database and tables
Manages data security

Question 5

What is a web form

Answer 5

An online interactive page that allows for user input

Question 5

What do electronic tags do

Answer 5

They transmit a radio frequency from the tag to a tag reader or vice versa

Question 6

How does an electronic tag work

Answer 6

It transmits the information to a computer program associated with the tag to track or identify different items

Question 7

What does RFID stand for

Answer 7

Radio frequency identification

Question 8

What do RFIDs refer to

Answer 8

Tiny chips that can store a few kilobytes of information

Question 9

What are 5 examples of things that RFIDs can used to tag

Answer 9

All products stored in a warehouse
Tools stored in a workshop
The tickets of people going to conferences, sports events or concerts
The tickets of people using public transport
All products sold in a shop

Question 10

What is a digital sensor

Answer 10

An electronic or electrochemical sensor where data conversion and data transmission happen digitally

Question 11

Why do we say databases form the heart of the internet

Answer 11

They store most of the information shown on websites

Question 12

Why are databases important on websites where users create the content

Answer 12

It is impossible for a data capturer to add information manually

Question 13

What is a cookie

Answer 13

It is a message given to a web browser by a web server

Question 14

What is the purpose of a cookie

Answer 14

To identify users and customise web pages for them

Question 15

What are 4 benefits of transaction tracking

Answer 15

Consumer safety when it comes to shopping
Enhancing a user’s on-site experience by tracking browsing history
Demographic profiles
Fraud detection

Question 16

What is the main disadvantage of transaction tracking

Answer 16

Unauthorised use of your personal information

Question 17

What is location based data

Answer 17

Data that provides information about different things that can be shown on maps

Question 18

What is static location-based data

Answer 18

Data such as roads etc. that will not change

Question 19

What is Non-static location based data

Answer 19

Data that tracks moving objects such as airplanes

Question 20

What are 3 examples of location-based computing

Answer 20

Weather Apps
Food ordering applications
Car sharing services

Question 21

What is data warehousing

Answer 21

A technique for storing data on more than one database

Question 22

What is normalisation

Answer 22

The process of refining the structure of a database to minimise redundancy and improve integrity

Question 23

When does data redundancy occur

Answer 23

When the same piece of data is stored in two different places

Question 24

What is the difference between data warehousing and a database

Answer 24

A data warehouse stores a large quantity of historical data and all the data from the various databases are available A database stores current transactions and enables easy access to specific transactions for ongoing business processes

Question 25

What is data mining

Answer 25

Data mining is a process used to identify trends and patterns between different sets of data in large databases

Question 26

What is data mining used for

Answer 26

Decision making and marketing etc.

Question 27

What are the 3 steps of the data mining process

Answer 27

Extract the relevant data Look for patterns in the data Discover knowledge from the patterns

Question 28

What must you specify to find the correct data

Answer 28

Which fields to extract Which data tables to use Which conditions are used

Question 29

What are the 5 characteristics of quality data

Answer 29

Accurate Consistent Current Complete Relevant

Question 30

What are the 7 ways to protect data

Answer 30

Data validation Data verification Data integrity checks Logging changes Data warehousing Access Control Parallel data sets

Question 31

What is data validation

Answer 31

The process in which you check whether the data is accurate, in the correct format or of the correct type before allowing your database to record it

Question 32

What is data verfication

Answer 32

A manual technique that can be used to make sure that the data on a database is correct and accurate

Question 33

What are the two types of data verification

Answer 33

Full verification Sample verification

Question 34

What is full verification

Answer 34

Each piece of data that is entered into a database is read and checked by someone

Question 35

What is sample verification

Answer 35

A randomly selected sample of data is checked to ensure there not systematic errors

Question 36

What is data integrity

Answer 36

The reliability, accuracy and how trustworthy data is

Question 37

What are integrity controls

Answer 37

Built-in to DBMSs to help maintain their data integrity

Question 38

What are logging changes

Answer 38

Logging is the process of recording any changes made by users to a database

Question 39

What does an audit trail record

Answer 39

Who made the changes What the user changed When they made the changes

Question 40

How can data warehousing improve data integrity (3)

Answer 40

Make incorrect data entries or data corruption more visible by allowing data analysis Make data loss more visible Used to recover critical data if it is deleted or corrupted