Day 15, Lecture 3 (Sept 13): Pharmacogenomics: Cornerstone for Precision Medicine Flashcards Preview

MCS > Day 15, Lecture 3 (Sept 13): Pharmacogenomics: Cornerstone for Precision Medicine > Flashcards

Flashcards in Day 15, Lecture 3 (Sept 13): Pharmacogenomics: Cornerstone for Precision Medicine Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is Pharmacogenomics

A
  • Using patient’s genotype to optimize drug therpy and minimize toxicity
  • Reverse Genetics
    • Using human genetics to improve existing treatments and develop new therapies
2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A
  • What the body does to a drug
    • absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
3
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A
  • Physiological effects of drug
    • Drug targets, pathways
4
Q

What Factors Determine Drug Response?

A
5
Q

What is the first priority of Pharmacogenomic research

A

Prediciting serious Adverse reactions (ADRs)

6
Q

Adverse drug reactions are the ___ leading cuase of death in the US

A

4th

7
Q

______ patients in the US die annually due to ADRs of prescription drugs

A

>106,000

8
Q

Cost of ADRs is ____ billions annually

A

$136 billion annually

9
Q

Why Drugs Fail?

A
10
Q

___ % of patients have poor or no response to beta blockers

A

15-35%

11
Q

Up to ___% of patients have poor or no response to ACE inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme)

A

28%

12
Q

____% of patients respond poorly to anti-depressants and other psychiatric drugs

A

20-50%

13
Q

__% of patients do not respond to statins

A

30%

14
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15
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16
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17
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A
18
Q

there are only ____ actionable PGX genes

A

20

19
Q

Importance of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in pharmacogenomics

A
  • Ability to predict drug effectiveness
  • Potential to predict adverse effects
  • Discover new targets for drug development and diagnosis
20
Q

pharmacogenomics of Abacavir: Antiretroviral agent for HIV

A
  • Allele frequency across ethnic groups
    • HLA-B (immune system gene)
      • Caucasians: 10%
      • African: 3%
      • East Asians: 3%
      • Asian Indians: 20%
    • About 50% of HLA-B allele carriers develop life threatening hypersensitivity
    • Abacavir screening for HLA-B variant is standard of care
21
Q

Therapeutic window

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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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