Day One Flashcards by Jad Marouche

The Five Criteria of Deductive Tasting

Sensory - Sight, Nose, Palate

Theoretical Deduction - Initial Conclusion & Final Conclusion

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Words to Describe the Clarity of a Wine

THC - Turbid / Hazy / Clear

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What is Concentration of Color

Intensity and Depth of Wines Color

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What affects the color concentration in white wine?

Age of the Wine - Young are Light and Bright, however deepen in color with age turning gold then amber then eventually brown.
Oxidation - caused from barrel fermentation or aging. When wine ages in barrel it is exposed to oxygen through the wood causing deeper color.

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What affects the color concentration in red wine?

Grape Variety - Depends of the skin of the grape. Some wines naturally produce dark vs red grapes that are lighter in color.
Color Extraction - When vinification begins the wine maker can determine how muych color he wants from the grapes
Age - Red Wines lighten with color with age.

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What type of wines grow darker with age?

General Rule - White & Rose Wines

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Name the 4 words to describe the color of white wine.

Straw&raquo_space; Yellow&raquo_space; Gold&raquo_space; Amber

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Name the 3 words to describe the color of red wine.

Purple&raquo_space; Ruby&raquo_space; Garnet

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What is Rim Variation?

Color difference between wine at its core vs edge. Older wine has more of a variation in color from core to edge.

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4 ways to describe color extraction

None&raquo_space; Light&raquo_space; Medium&raquo_space; Heavy

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What is TCA?

Trichloroanisole /Corkiness - A chemical compound found on corks and barrels. Often smells like wet moldy cardboard or old newspaper.

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What is Oxidation ?

Caused by aging too long or by poor storage conditions.

an excess amount of oxygen. Flavors are muted with dried out aromas.

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VA??

Volatile Acidity - When Acetic Acid is present giving the wine vinegary aromas. It is produced when wild yeasts called bacteria acetobacter are present in fermentation

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EA??

Ethyl Acetate - Smells of Nail Polish Remover

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SO 2?

Sulfur Dioxide - Commonly used, but if used to excessively, wine could smell of struck match or wet wool.

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Brettanomyces

Yeast Growth giving aromas of Spice, Clove, Smoke, Manure

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H2S

Hydrogen Sulfide - consequence of poor yeast nutrition during fermentation. Aromas of onion, rubber, rotten eggs.

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How to describe the intensity of aromas

low (delicate)&raquo_space; Moderate&raquo_space; High (powerful)

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Age Assessment Descriptors - Name 3

Youthful&raquo_space; Developing&raquo_space; Vinous

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White Wine Aromas?

Citrus Fruit
Apple/Pear
Stone/Pit Fruit
Tropical Fruit
Melon

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Red Wine Aromas?

Red Fruit
Black Fruit
Blue Fruit

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Citrus Fruits?

Lemon, Lime, Orange, Grapefruit, Tangerine

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Apple/Pear?

Green, red, yellow apples or pears

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Stone/Pit Fruit?

Peach, Apricot, Nectarine,

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Tropical fruit

Pineapple, mango, papaya, passion fruit

Melon

Cantaloupe & Honey Dew

Red Fruit

Cherry, Raspberry, red plum , cranberry, strawberry pomegranate

Black Fruit

Blackberry, black cherry, black plum, black currant

Blue Fruit

Blueberry, boysenberry

Ways to describe fruit on the nose

``` Ripe Fresh Tart Baked Cooked Dried Desiccated Bruised Jammy/perserves ```

Non Fruit Aromas

``` Floral Aromas Vegetal Herbal/Green Spices Animal/BArnyard Petrol Fermented Botrytis Tobacco, Leather ```

Earthy/Mineral Characteristics

``` Forest Floor Compost Mushroom/truffle potting soil freshly turned earth ``` ``` wet stone limestone chalk slate flint ```

Wood/Oak Characteristics

``` Cedar Toast Smoke Baking Spices (Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Allspice, clove) Vanilla Dill Coconut Sawdust ```

French Oak Aromas & Flavors

Vanilla Bean Dried Baking Spices Cedar Sawdust

American Oak Aromas & Flavors

``` Caramel Vanilla Extract Dill/Dried Herbs Coconut Sawdust ```

Warmer climate causes elevated alcohol

True

Cool climate cause elevated acidity in wine

True

Animal fat on food can...

decrease the palates perception of tannin in wine. Remember the fat loves tannin and tannin love fat .

Spicy Heat in food can

can be softened by sweetness in wine | be softened by low alcohol in wine

What is a classic pairing with Stilton Cheese

Port Wine

T or F - Sauces and Sides of a dish dictate the pairing

True

When pairing sweet wine and a sweet food

The food and wine should be equally as sweet

What does AOC stand for?

Appellation d Origine Controlee

When was the AOC system created?

In 1935 in response to widespread fraud in the wine industry.

What are the 5 sections of Burgundy from North to South

``` Chablis Cote dOr Cote Chalonaise Maconnais Beaujolais ```

What is Burgundy's Topography & Climate

Rolling Hills & Continental (Away from bodies of water, hot summers and significantly colder winters than maritime)

What is the Soil Type in Burgundy

Chalk, Calcareous, Clay, Marl and Limestone

What is the soil type in Beaujolais

Granite

Burgundy Grape Varieties

White - Chardonnay & Aligote | Red - Pinot Noir & Gamay

When was the French Revolution

1789

What does Cote mean

Slope/Hillside

What does Or mean

Gold

How many Grand Crus in Burgundy

33 (2% of Total Wine)

How many Premier Crus in Burgundy

550 to 600 (12% of Total Wine)

T or F Negociants are wine merchants who buy grapes and finished wines for blending and bottling under There own labels. Example: Louis Jadot, Joseph Drouhin

True

What is a Clos

A clos designates a plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded with dry stone walls.

What is an example of Clos

Clos Vougeot is a Grand Cru vineyard next to a tiny village Vougeot .

Define Monopole

A Parcel of land or vineyard with a single owner. Examples are Romanee Conti or La Tache (These are single vineyards.

What is the soil type in Chablis

Clay & Limestone (Fossil like qualities)

What are the Sub regions of Chablis

Chablis Grand Cru Petite Chablis Chablis Premier Cru Chablis (Village)

What are the Seven Vineyards in Chablis Grand Cru | AOP

``` Bougros Les Preuses Grenouilles Vaudesir Valmur Les Clos Blanchot ```

What are the two sections of Cote d'Or

Cote de Nuits (North) | Cote de Beaune (South)

Name Cote de Nuits 6 sub regions 100% Pinot Noir Soil Type - Marl & Limestone

``` Gevry Chambertin Morey Saint-Denis Chambolle-Musigny Vougeot Vosne Romanee Nuits Saint George ```

What type of oak is used in Cote de Nuits

Most often new French Oak

How Many Premier Cru Vineyards are in Cote de Nuits

130 1er Crus

How many Grand Cru Vineyards in Burgundy are in Cote de Nuits? Name 5

24 of 33 total in Burgundy 1) Chambertin 2) Musigny 3) La Tache 4) La Romanee 5) Bonnes-Mares

Best recent vintages in Cote de Nuits

05, 09, 10, 14, 15

Cote de Beaune Vinification Practices

Oak, often new is used for both reds and whites

NAme 6 subregions in Cote de Beaune

``` Beaune (Red) Pommard (Red) Volnay (Red) Meursault (White) Puligny Montrachet (White) Chassagne Montrachet (White) ```

How Many Grand Crus are in Cote de Beaune? | Name 4

8 Grand Crus Corton-Charlemagne Montrachet Batard Montrachet

Name the 5 subregions in Cote Chalonnaise | Name the grape to correlate.

``` Bouzeron - Aligote Rully- Chard, PN, Sparkling called Cremant de Bourgogne Mecurey Givry Montagny - PN & Chard ```

What are the grapes in Cote Chalonnaise

Pinot Noir Aligote Chardonnay

What is Cote de Chalonnaise Vinification Style

Little to no oak used for whites and reds

NAme the 3 sub regions in Maconnais.

MAcon - Chard Saint-Veran - Chard with some use of new oak Pouilly Fuisse - Chard use of new oak

Maconnais Vinification style

Mainly unoaked chard with the exception of Pouilly Fuisse using new oak. PF's are typically more expensive.

Beaujolais soil types

North - Schist & Granite | South - Sandstone & Clay

What are there vinification practices?

Carbonic Maceration - Whole Berries are filled into a tank and crushed normally startin fermentation and blanketed under CO2. >>>Stainless Steel >>>Old French Oak Barrels