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Jamie Cardiovascular Pathology > Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism > Flashcards

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main examples of venous thromboembolism?

A

Limb deep vein thrombosis

Pulmonary embolism

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2
Q

What are the 2 main constituents of a venous

thrombus?

A

Fibrin

Red blood cells

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3
Q

What is the main 2 causes of a venous thrombus?

A

Stasis

Hypercoagulability

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4
Q

What does a venous rhombus result in?

A

Back pressure

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5
Q

What are the 2 main constituents of an arterial

thrombus?

A

Platelets

Fibrin

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6
Q

What is the main causes of an arterial thrombus?

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

What does 2 conditions can an arterial thrombus result in?

A

Ischaemia

Infarction

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8
Q

What are 4 symptoms/signs of DVT?

A

Unilateral limb swelling
Limb discomfort
Warmth of limb
Redness of limb (erythema)

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9
Q

What are 5 symptoms/signs of pulmonary embolism?

A 
Pleuritic chest pain
Dyspnoea
Haemoptysis
Tachycardia
Pulmonary rub on auscultation
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10
Q

What are 4 additional symptoms/signs that could be found if the patient had a massive pulmonary embolism?

A

Collapse
Cyanosis
Low BP
Raised JVP

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11
Q

What is a long term-consequence of DVT?

A

Post-phlebitic syndrome

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12
Q

What is a long term-consequence of pulmonary embolism?

A

Pulmonary hypertension

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13
Q

What are 4 risks for venous thrombosis?

A

Tissue trauma
Obesity
Smoking
Pregnancy

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14
Q

What 2 investigations should be performed to diagnose DVT?

A

D-dimer blood test

Compression ultrasound

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15
Q

What 3 investigations should be performed to diagnose pulmonary embolism?

A

D-dimer blood test
Isotope ventilation/perfusion scan
CT pulmonary angiigram

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16
Q

What 3 measures are used to prevent venous thromboembolism in hospitals?

A

Early mobilisation
Anti-embolism stockings (compression stockings)
Daily injections of low molecular weight heparin

17
Q

What are 3 treatments for venous thromboembolism?

A

Low molecular weight heparin (for at least 5 days)
Warfarin (for at least 3 months)
Thrombolysis (for massive pulmonary embolisms)

18
Q

What type of drug is warfarin?

A

An anti-coagulant

19
Q

What is the most common side effect of warfarin?

A

Intraocular haemorrhage (i.e. bleeding)

20
Q

Give an example of 2 types of drug that increases warfarin activity?

A

Asprin

Heparin

21
Q

Give an example of 2 types of drug that decrease warfarin activity?

A

Barbituates

Vitamin K

Jamie Cardiovascular Pathology (17 decks)

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