deficiency symptoms

Question 1

What are vitamin b6 pyridoxine (aka active form PLP) deficiency symptoms?

Answer 1

seborrheic dermatitis (flaky scales), microcytic anemia (impaired ability to synthesize hemoglobin –> small, pale RBCs, depression, confusion, seizures, convulsion(unclear mechanism, may be bc of tryptophan metabolite buildup or impaired NT serotonin/dopamine synthesis), hyperhomocysteinemia(post prandial homocysteine level sensitive to B6, b12 and/or folate)

**alcohol increased b6 turnover/deficiency,displacing PLP from proteins->now susceptible for hydrolysis

Question 2

what are niacin (b3, active form NAD, NADP) deficiency symptoms?

Answer 2

pellagra!!! aka diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, death. (but remember that nicotinic acid is a pellagra preventative factor. caused enrichment of grains to be a law. whole grain products contain more nutrients than enriched products. change diet to change pellagra status) Way to treat is nixtamalization(w/lime water to release tryptophan to form NAD).

Question 3

which vitamin is rare to get deficiency in?

Answer 3

vit E: myopathy and weakness, degenerative neuro symptoms like ataxia, increased creatinine wasting

Question 4

What are vit c deficiency symptoms?

Answer 4

scurvy, bleeding gums, capillary rupture, develop <1 mon. 4 H’s: hemorrhagic signs, hyperkeratosis of hair follicles, hypochondriasis(altered mental status)

Question 5

what are b12 vs b6 anemia deficiencies?

Answer 5

b6 – microcytic(small pale rbcs) anemia and b12 –megaloblastic anemia due to folate trap since the 5-ch3-thf cosubstrate is reduced by 85% in deficiency. 5-methyl-THF stays in cell (can’t make purines, DNA)

Question 6

what are choline deficiencies?

Answer 6

not observed due to ability to synthesize(helps decrease NTD in infants)

Question 7

thiamin deficiencies?

Answer 7

beriberi!(anorexia, cardiac failurem edema in wet beriberi, muscle wasting in dry beriberi, muscle weakness, enlarged heart, tachycardia, often in ALCOHOL context)

• *wet berbier occurs on sever physical exertion, high carb intake but limited thiamin
• *dry beriberi occurs with inactivity and calorie restriction

nervous system symptoms are peripheral neuropathy, Wermicke encephalopathy, cyanosis in babies