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Tri 6 - Clinical Lab Dx > Depletion Anemia > Flashcards

Depletion Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two main types of depletion anemia

A

abnormal loss of RBCs

abnormal destruction of RBC’s

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2
Q

abnormal loss of RBCs

A

hemorrhage

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3
Q

abnormal destruction of RBC’s

A

hemaglobinopathies/ hemolytic anemia

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4
Q

classification of hemolytic anemia

A

intracorpuscular defects

extracorpuscular defects

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5
Q

results in free hemoglobin in circulation and starts a potential cascade of events

A

hemolysis

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6
Q

hemolysis:

____ will damage tissues esp. renal

A

free Hb

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7
Q

hemolysis:

the protein ____ binds with Hb for elimation

A

haptoglobin

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8
Q

hemolysis:
once haptoglobin is saturated it binds with the protein albumin to form ______ (indicating there has been considerable hemolysis)

A

methemalbumin

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9
Q

hemolysis:

continue free ___ is serum will result in hemoglobinuria

A

Hb

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10
Q

extrinsic agents:

anemias due to iso or auto antibodies are hemolytic such as…

A

IMHA - immune mediated hemolytic anemia
MAHA - microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
fetal Rh incompatibility

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11
Q

intrinsic defects (-opathies):
in normal adults…
Hb is:
Hb A is:

A

Hb: 98%+

Hb A: <2%

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12
Q 
intrinsic defects (-opathies):
newborns have >50% \_\_\_\_ but it is normally replaced by 6 months of age
A

Hb F

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13
Q 
intrinsic defects (-opathies):
\_\_\_ is compromised by Hb A1 (95-98%) and Hb A2 (1-2%), a minor component
A

Hb A

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14
Q

Hb structural abnormalities:

mostly african americans; trait about 8%, dz about 1%

A

sickle cell dz

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15
Q

Hb structural abnormalities:

Hb S levels at >80% is the dz

A

sickle cell dz

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16
Q

Hb structural abnormalities:

Hb S at 20-40% with Hb A at 60-80% in the trait

A

sickle cell dz

17
Q

Hb structural abnormalities:

sickle cell prep screens for ____ but not in small quantities, therefore useful only after 6 months of age

A

Hb S

18
Q

Hb structural abnormalities:

____ electrophoresis is definitive in sickle cell dz

A

Hb

19
Q

Hb structural abnormalities:

causes no anemia except under unique situations

A

sickle trait

20
Q

Hb synthesis abnormalities:

___ thalassemia Hb, but a complex genetic abnormality of globin chain synthesis

A

NO

21
Q

Hb structural abnormalities:

in ____, Hb A1 is 20% or less, Hb A2 is 3%, and Hb F is >65%

A

thalassemia

22
Q

Hb structural abnormalities:

in the _____, the Hb A1 makes up more than 50% of Hb A1, Hb A2 is 4-6%, and Hb F is up to 3%

A

thalassemia TRAIT

23
Q

Hb structural abnormalities:
presents as a severe anemia with microcytosis, target cells, marked hypochromia, and family history of mediterranean origin

A

thalassemia major DZ

24
Q

Hb structural abnormalities:
differs from IDA in the
1. RDW is normal
2. anemia is unlikely; as a matter of fact, the RBC may be greater than 5x10^6 even though the Hb may be as low as 9gr/dl

A

thalassemia minor TRAIT

25
Q

in thalassemia ____ TIBC is low with normal ferritin

A

minor

26
Q

in ____ TIBC is high and ferritin is low

A

iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

27
Q

sex linked to X chromosome; affects men more than females

brought on by ASA, phenacetin, sulfas, nitrofurntoin

A

G-6-PD deficiency

RBC enzyme def

28
Q

what increases in RBC membrane abnormalities

A

MCHC

29
Q

lack of protein spectrin which forms an important part of the cytoskeleton of the cell
diagnosed early, hemolysis, jaundice, splenomegaly

A

hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary eliptocytosis

RBC membrane abnormalities

30
Q

slow and chronic bleeds usually result in

A

factor deficiencies

31
Q

examples of factor deficiencies

A

males: peptic dz
females: menstrual disorders

32
Q

index of mature RBC production (bone marrow activity)

A

reticulocyte (tic) count

33
Q

increases mean increased RBC’s lost due to depletion (hemorrhage or hemolysis) or treatment of anemia with iron, B12, or folate

A

reticulocyte (tic) count

34
Q

normocytic-normocytic: acute bleeds or hemolytic dz

A

depletion

35
Q

normo-normo: chronic dz

A

produciton deficit

36
Q

microcytic and hypochromic

A

factor deficiency

IDA

37
Q

normocytic-normochromic/ hypochromic

A

factor deficiency

early IDA

38
Q

macrocytic-normochromic/ hypochromic

A

factor deficiency

B12 or foliate

Tri 6 - Clinical Lab Dx (7 decks)

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