Development (18)

Question 1

Define premature and very premature:

Answer 1

Premature: before 37 wks

Very premature: before 32 wks

Question 2

What are the components of APGAR scores:

Answer 2

A- Appearance (color)
P- Pulse
G- Grimace (reflex irritability)
A- Activity (msucle tone)
R- Respiration

** used to predict the likelihood of immediate survival

Question 3

T/F the US has a high rate of premature births compared to other developed countries

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the physiologic reason for postpartum depression?

Answer 4

Oxytocin- dopamine interaction associated with maternal infant bond

Question 5

What are the different theories of development?

Answer 5

Chess and Thomas: temperament

Erikson: critical periods of social goals

Piaget: cognitive or learning capabilities

Mahler: Separation- individuation

Freud: parts of the body in which pleasure derived

Question 6

What is the main focus of the development from infancy to 18 mo?

Answer 6

Attachment!

Question 7

When are each of the following seen:

Social smile
Stranger anxiety
Separation anxiety

Answer 7

Social smile- 12 wks

Stranger anxiety- 9 months

Separation anxiety- late in 1st year (object permanence comes first)

Question 8

Define the following reflexes:

Rooting reflex
Palmar Grasp reflex
Moro reflex
Babinski reflex

Answer 8

Rooting reflex: touch cheek turn toward nipple

Palmar Grasp reflex: gril any object put in palm

Moro reflex: limbs extend when child is startled

Babinski reflex: dorsiflexion of toes when the sole of the foot is stroked

Question 9

What is the main aspect of development in the toddler years (18mo- 3 yrs)?

Answer 9

Rapproachement: moves away but then quickly returns for comfort

Question 10

What type of play is seen in toddler years?

Answer 10

Parallel play (play next to but not reciprocal)

Question 11

When is gender identity established?

Answer 11

3 years

Question 12

What is the main aspect of development in the preschool years (3-6 yo)?

Answer 12

A little regression and an active fantasy life but they are aware that the imaginary friends are not real.

Also there is a strong fear of bodily injury

Question 13

What type of play is seen at age 4?

Answer 13

Cooperative

Question 14

What milestones are present at age 6/

Answer 14

Development of conscience (superego)

Sense of morality

Empathy

Learns lying is wrong

Understands the finality of death

Question 15

What occurs in the school age years (7-11)?

Answer 15

Lifelong sense of competence, learning problems are identified, concrete operations, more complex motor tasks (sports), rule conscious, peer relationships

Question 16

What occurs in adolescence (11- 20 yo)?

Answer 16

independent/ autonomy and person decision making

Changes in the brain: increased myelination, pruning of neurons, frontal and parietal lobes

Question 17

Describe the time lines of puberty and sexual exploration:

Answer 17

Puberty: girls @ 10.5yrs, boys @ 11.5 yrs

First menstruation: 11-14 yrs

First ejaculation: 12-15 yrs

Question 18

What is seen in middle adolescence?

Answer 18

Risk taking behavior, spending time with friends, autonomy need tor privacy

Question 19

What is seen in late adolescence?

Answer 19

Identity crisus (define and refine place in the world), role confusion

Question 20

Name some emotional and social factors that predispose to teen pregnancy?

Answer 20

Depression, poor school achievement, divorced parents

Question 21

What are some challenges of early and middle adulthood?

Answer 21

Transition periods where individuals are vulverable to physical and emotional illnesss. Possible regression

Question 22

T/F: close to 50% of marriages in US end in divorce.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What are the three types of child custody?

Answer 23

Sole custody, joint custody, and split custody

Question 24

What happens in early adulthood?

Answer 24

One’s role in society is defined, physical development at peak and individual is independent

Question 25

What happens in middle adulthood?

Answer 25

Generativity vs stagnation, possible midlife crisis, menopause, male sex drive/ muscle changes

Question 26

What are some of the losses of aging?

Answer 26

Loss of social status, loss by death of spouses/ family/ friends, decline in overall health and strength

Question 27

What are the different types of living situations of the elderly?

Answer 27

Independently (most), cared for by family, assisted living, nursing homes

Question 28

Average life expectancy in the US?

Answer 28

77 years

75 for men and 80 for women

Question 29

What are the psychopathologies typically seen in the elderly?

Answer 29

Depression, suicide, anxiety, alcohol and substance abuse, delerium

Question 30

Name the stages of dying?

Answer 30

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Question 31

Differences between normal and abnormal bereavement?

Answer 31

Abnormal grief intensities or persists over time instead of lessening and involves suicidal thinking or hallucinations