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USMLE Step 1: Part 2 COPY > Developmental > Flashcards

Flashcards in Developmental Deck (30)
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1
Q

How is screening performed in a PCP’s office?

A
  • Gestalt assessment of how the child is doing

* ASQs to systematically assess child’s progress

2
Q

Development generally proceeds from _____________.

A

head to toe; proximal to distal; and medial to lateral (so pinkies develop control before thumbs)

3
Q

What’s the most common pattern of development of childhood mobility?

A
  • Rolling: 3 months
  • Sitting: 6-7 months
  • Crawling: 8 months
  • Pull to stand: 9-10 months
  • Cruising (walking while holding something): 10-11 months
  • First steps: 12 months
  • Walk backward 15 - 18 months
  • Jump up: 2 years
  • Jump forward: 3 years
  • Jump on one foot: 4 years
  • Skipping: 5 years
4
Q

Review the development of fine motor.

A
  • Raking: 5-6 months
  • Radial-palmar grasp: 7 months
  • Inferior pincer: 10 months
  • Fine pincer: 12 months
5
Q

Up and down scribbling is generally doable by ________________.

A

18 months

6
Q

Understandability to strangers is usually given by ______________.

A

age (in years) divided by 4

1/4: 25% (at one year)
2/4: 50% (at two years)
3/4: 75% (at three years)
4/4: 100% (at fours years)

7
Q

Kids typically use words nonspecifically at __________ and specifically at ______________.

A

8 months; 10-11 months

8
Q

At 18 months, children typically have about _________ words.

A

18

9
Q

Between ___________, there is a huge increase in number of words.

A

18 months and 2 years

10
Q

At what age do children typically move their eyes in the direction of noise?

A

4-6 months

11
Q

Two-step commands are generally understood by children ___________.

A

two and older

12
Q

Trace the development of play.

A
  • 1: play alone
  • 2: parallel play
  • 3: group play
  • 4: tells story
  • 5: cards and board games
13
Q

Object permanence begins at _____________.

A

6 months

14
Q

Separation anxiety starts at _____________.

A

9-12 months (because they have object permanence and know that “mom is somewhere and can come back if I cry”)

15
Q

Separation anxiety usually lessens by ____________.

A

18 months

16
Q

What is joint attention?

A

Getting the parent (or anyone else) to look at an object: basically, pointing at an object, looking at mom, and then looking back at the object

17
Q

Babies typically lose ____________ in the first couple days and then regain it by two weeks.

A

10% of their birthweight

18
Q

Birth weight doubles by ___________ and triples by _____________.

A

6 months; 12 months

19
Q

Head circumference at birth is typically ____________.

A

36 cm (think 360º)

20
Q

Stooping and recovering is indicative of ____________.

A

15 months

21
Q

In general, use __________ when interviewing parents about their child’s development.

A

open-ended questions

Things like… “Tell me about your child” or “What concerns do you have about your child’s development?”

22
Q

In general, having ________ is worse than having delays in all areas.

A

one focal delay

23
Q

What kinds of referral services are available for developmental delays?

A
  • Child psychologists
  • Developmental pediatricians
  • Early intervention teams
24
Q

List the ages at which kids can stack 2, 6, and 9 blocks.

A
  • 2: 15 months
  • 6: 24 months (“2 + 4 = 6”)
  • 9: 36 months (“3 + 6 = 9”)

Also, the bridge is usually done by 36 months.

25
Q

Give the usual ages at which kids can draw a vertical line, horizontal line, circle, plus sign, square, triangle, and diamond.

A
  • Vertical line: 2
  • Horizontal line: 2.5
  • Circle: 3 (“36 months = 360ºin a circle”)
  • Cross/plus sign: 4
  • Square: 5
  • Triangle: 6
  • Diamond: 7
26
Q

What is the person-drawing rule?

A

Start with a circle as base (for 3 years) and then 1/4 year for every thing added. Note: count legs as one thing, arm as one thing, and all bilateral things as one thing.

27
Q

Recognition of words for common items (like “book,” “doggie,” and “food”) usually begins ____________.

A

from age 7 months to 12 months

28
Q

In terms of growth, three-year-olds are said to be ___________.

A

the rule of threes: three-feet tall and thirty pounds

29
Q

Stooping and recovering is usually learned by __________.

A

15 months

30
Q

I can track past midline and hold my head at a 45ºangle when prone. How old am I?

A

2 months

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