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Psych 351B > Developmental disorders part 2 > Flashcards

Developmental disorders part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ADHD is what type of disorder?

A

Developmental and neuropsychiatric disorder

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2
Q

ADHD causes what?

A

Impairment of growth/development

neurochemical abnormality

interfere with quality of life

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3
Q

ADHD

neuro-chemical abnormality is based on what?

A

Anatomically based

-differentiate from emotional/cognitive disruption (i.e. acting out, frustration, ODD)

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4
Q

ADHD Interferes with quality of life how?

A

Distress of distrubance for the individual

generally refers to social/emotional function

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5
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

ADHD subtype:
What is vigilant concentration?

A

Shifiting, (updating) WM, (in) attention

Distracted, disorganized forgetful poor concentration daydreaming

seen in impulsive types

problems with executive functions

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6
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

ADHD subtype:
what is combined?

A

The most common type

implies similar underlying mechanism

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7
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

ADHD subtype:
what is cognitive alertness?

A

Motor and behavioral inhibition
-fidgety/restlessness, hyperactivity, difficulty waiting and remaining seated, immature behaviours

inattentive type

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8
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

What are the 3 catecholamines involded in ADHD?

A

Norepinephrine
dopamine
acetylcholine

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9
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Norepinephrine does what?
location?

A

Reticular activating system

-locus coeruleus + Basal ganglia

involved in perseverance

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10
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders:

dopamine what are the characteristics of that
Mesolimbic:

mesocortical:

A

Mesolimbic:
-motivational significance

mesocortical:
-sensory awareness

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11
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders:

acetylcholine is involved in what?

A

Learning and memory

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12
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders:

Autism spectrum disorder is defined as what?

A

Hyper-connectivity of adjacent regions

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13
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders:

Autism spectrum disorder

increase in synaptogenesis results in what? what is the hypothesis?

A

Chemoaffinity hypothesis: Axons make connections based on specific chemical signals

brain derived of neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

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14
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders:

Autism spectrum disorder

decrease in synaptic pruning causes what?

A

Removing/withdrawing nonessential synapses (axon or dendrites)

refinement (efficiency of signal

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15
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders:

What is dementia?

A

Deterioration in cognitive function

decline in comparison to previous performance level

mental processes (not content)

(memory decline is one type of dementia)

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16
Q

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a persistent developmental disorder typified by disruptions in what?

A

Reciprocal social communication/interaction
(emotional behaviour still present)

restricted/repetitive behaviours
(echolalia, perseverance, gestures/action)

17
Q

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

what are the sub-types?

A

Asperger’s
PDD-NOS or high functioning

Savants syndrome

18
Q

What are the characteristics to Asperger’s?

A

Communicative peculiarities (literal/concrete) less emotive behaviours (flat affect)

19
Q

What are the characteristics of PDD-NOS or (high functioning)

A

Less restricted/repetitive behaviours, more expressive language abilities

20
Q

What are the characteristics of Savants syndrome?

A

It is not PDD-NOS or Asperger’s

Damage to left anterior frontal lobe (language area)

typified by extreme (spatial) memory abilities

21
Q

What are the subdivisions in dementia?

A

Biological/anatomical causes

frontotemporal = R–> M

Alzheimer’s = M–> R

Corticobasal = L –> M

Parkinsons = M–> L

22
Q

Alzheimer’s disease
what causes it in the cell?

what happens outside the cell?

A

Amyloid plaques (in cell)

Neurofibrillary tangles (outside cell)

Neocortical atrophy

NT reduction

23
Q

In alzheimer’s disease what is the debate?

A

correlation or causation

plaque/tangles appears in people without dementia

brain atrophy-correlated with ventricle enlargement, not necrosis

Prions transferable in blood

24
Q

Alzheimer’s disease
Behavioural diagnosis

Delirium is what?

A

Lack of task focus and orientation to environment

  • fluctuates
  • affects at least one other cognitive function
25
Q

Alzheimer’s disease
Behavioural diagnosis

Cognitive deficits is what?

pathway?

A

Outside of delirium

  • constant
  • Amnestic (confabulation)

EF–> perception–>motor–>language–>social cognition

26
Q

Alzheimer’s disease
Behavioural diagnosis

Affects

A

Depression and apathy –> irritability, combativeness

Psych 351B (10 decks)

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