Diabetes Flashcards
How was diabetes first discovered?
First discovered when pt’s had “sweet Siphon” sugar in their urine.
What is IDDM?
also known as type 1/juvenile diabetes, occurs at a young age of onset after a someone has experienced an infection or sickness that causes the body to develop antibodies that attack the beta cells in the pancreas and stop the production of Insulin.
How do IDDM manage BGL?
They must take exogenous insulin injections to manage sugar levels.
“lacking siphon flavour” is what type of diabetes?
Diabetes Insipidius is due to the lack of ADH in the body leading to increased urine out put. Urine is colourless and diluted.
3 p’s of diabetes?
Polyphagia: increased hunger
polydipsia: increased thirst
Polyuria: increased urine
why do diabetics pee a lot?
glucose has osmotic effects that limit the reabsorption of H2O
Why do diabetes have glucosuria?
Over accumulation of sugars in the blood can not be managed in the absence of insulin. do to increased permeability of the capillaries the sugars are filtered through kidneys and excreted.
Hyperglycemia
high BG contents, min 7mmol fasting sugar, >200mg/dL
clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus ( high)?
blurred vision, thin weak, irritable
Hypoglycemia in IDDM
occurs when a pt has taken too much of their insulin injection.
manifestations: tachycardia, headache, shakiness, alt oa, anxiety, drowsiness,
tx: food/juice if tolerated, glucagon/dextrose(IV)
Complications: Diabetic Ketoacidosis
occurs in the absence of insulin to move sugars to muscle cells for energy conversion. Muscle cells think that there is no sugar resulting in lipolysis, glyconeogensis, glycogenolysis. By products created are fatty accids from triglyceride breakdown= H+ circulating the blood–> Acidosis
manifestations: Kussmals respirations, alt loa, transiente hypekalneia, ypovolemia due to polyuria etc.
NIDDM
noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus, insluin sitll can be produced though is not enough the manage the BGL. Pt take oral hypoglycemics such as glyburide. more insidious onset of symptoms than IDDM.
also known as HHS ( Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome)
Factors for NIDDM
Age, race, family Hx, lifestyle, genetics, diet, obesity
complications og NIDDM
- increased risk of infection, gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis occurs—>+BGL evenmore, excessive fluid loss–> +ECF osmolarity >320mosm/L hypotension and hyperkalemia, +mortality than DKA
general chronic complications of diabetes
Vascular: arthersclerosis, retinopathy, neuropathy, chronic renal fialure,
Infection: poor cirulation–> sores, necrosis,
neuropathies:
- autonomic: GI, Tachycardia, postural hypotension
- senosry: decreased sensation in low extremities, ulcers, necrosis, infection
