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Flashcards in Diabetes Deck (18)
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1
Q

What are three oral hypoglycemic drugs?

A

Glipizide, metformin, and rosiglitazone

2
Q

Wht are the two insulin preparations approved for veterinary use?

A

Prozinc and Vetsulin

3
Q

What preparation (concentration) do veterinary insulin preperations come in?

A

40 insulin units/mL (Human comes in 100IU/mL)

4
Q

Canines are 4x more sensitive to which type of insulin?

A

Detemir

5
Q

Examples of short acting insulins

A

LISPRO, Regular insulin, and Humulin-R

6
Q

How is Short acting insulin administered?

A

IV (fast onset, short duration, use CRI)
IM (slightly slower onset, short duration, need to give TID)
*Not going to be used as a maintenence tx for stable diabetic patients

7
Q

What are examples of intermediate acting insulins?

A

LENTE insulin, Humulin-N, Vetsulin, and Humulin 70/30

8
Q

How are intermediate acting insulins administered?

A

SC only.

quick onset, intermediate duration

9
Q

T/F amorphous crystals (such as zinc) allow the insulin to be absorbed quickly

A

False.

Allows the insulin to be absorbed gradually

10
Q

What is Humulin 70/30?

A

70% NPH (Humulin-N) and 30% Regular to allow for a faster onset

11
Q

What are the three long-acting insulins?

A

Prozinc, Glargine, and Detemir

12
Q

How do you give long acting insulins?

A

give SC inly once a day

13
Q

WHat species is prozinc used for?

A

Cats

14
Q

How does Glargine work?

A

acidic pH and microprecipitates allow for very gradual absorption.

15
Q

How do you treat a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?

A
  • Fluids 0.9% NaCl
  • Regular insulin started as CRI
  • Add dextrose to fluid if patient not eating
16
Q

How to treat Hyperosmolar diabetic/Coma?

A
  • Fluids
  • Regular insulin CRI (after rehydration)
  • bring glucose down slowly after rehydration
17
Q

What is the somogyi phenomenom?

A

rebound hyperglycemia if blood glucose drops too low too quickly

18
Q

What is acarbose used for?

A

Reduces post carbohydrate eating hyperglycemia but inhibiting alpha amylases and brush border oligosaccharides (essentially stops absorption of carbs)