Diabetes Mellitus - Unit 1

Question 1

What does glucagon do?

Answer 1

stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and increases blood glucose level.

Question 2

Insulin - key for cell to take in insulin. T/F?

Answer 2

True!

Question 3

What are the differences between type 1 and type 2?

Answer 3

Type 1 is Insulin Dependent and Type 2 is Insulin Resistant

Question 4

What are the symptoms of impaired insulin production? (3 P’s)

Answer 4

Polyuria, Polydipsia and Polyphagia (wanting to eat a lot)

Question 5

What happens with untreated insulin deficiency?

Answer 5

Cell starvation, fat breakdown, ketones and then acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis!)

Question 6

What are some assessment findings for DKA?

Answer 6

3 P’s, Increased RR/HR, low BP, dry skin, elevated blood glucose (above 300)

Question 7

With DKA, the potassium is pulled into the blood, so it appears high but it isn’t. T/F?

Answer 7

True!

Question 8

What are the interventions for DKA?

Answer 8

Isotonic Normal Saline, Insulin

Question 9

With DKA, the goal is to reduce sugar levels as quickly as possible - like drop the numbers big time. T/F?

Answer 9

False - we want to drop BS by 50-75 mg/dL/hour

Question 10

DKA for Diabetic Patient - what might cause this?

Answer 10

Infection!

Question 11

Insulin is not absorbed faster in muscle tissue. T/F?

Answer 11

False - it is!

Question 12

Anything consistently over ____ (sugar level) is hyperglycemia.

Answer 12

150.

Question 13

With insulin (the fast acting kind), give about 15 minutes before a meal. T/F?

Answer 13

True!

Question 14

Hyperglycemia - what is the difference between macrovascular and microvascular complications?

Answer 14

Macro = big vessels.
Micro = small vessels.

Question 15

Macrovascular Complications = what are some?

Answer 15

These is atherosclerosis/vasoconstriction, etc. This can lead to things like heart attack, stroke, extremity pain, poor wound healing.

Question 16

What are some microvascular complications?

Answer 16

These are things like retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy.

Question 17

What’s the normal sugar range for diabetic patients?

Answer 17

70-130

Question 18

What is the rapid acting insulin?

Answer 18

Aspart, Lyspro

Question 19

What is the fast acting insulin?

Answer 19

Regular Insulin

Question 20

What is the intermediate active insulin?

Answer 20

Cloudy/NPH

Question 21

What is the long acting insulin?

Answer 21

Glargine (Lantus), Detemir (Levimir)

Question 22

Fast acting insulin - used for ____

Intermediate Acting Insulin - used for ____

Long Acting - used for ___.

Answer 22

Fast Acting - meals/hyperglycemic moments.
Intermediate = fasting, between meals, overnight control.
Long Acting = all day/all night control.

Question 23

When administering insulin, stick to one area and rotate. T/F?

Answer 23

True!

Question 24

What is a brittle diabetic?

Answer 24

A diabetic that is not easily controlled - goes up and down and all over the place.

Question 25

I U of fast acting Insulin for 15 grams of carbs. T/F?

Answer 25

True!

Question 26

If you’re Type 1 and have ketones, should you exercise?

Answer 26

NOPE!

Question 27

What are some hypoglycemia symptoms?

Answer 27

Sweating/shaking, anxiety, headache, irritability, confusion, vision changes (at the later part), etc.

Question 28

For someone with diabetes, their diet should be __ to __ % calories from carbs, __ to __ % of calories from protein.

Answer 28

45-65% for carbs and 15-20% for protein.

Question 29

Diabetic Patients - at least ___ G of carbs per day.

Answer 29

130.