Diagnostic Testing

Question 1

Sensitivity

Answer 1

Ability to detect small quantities of measured component

Rule of disease (if negative)

Question 2

Specificity

Answer 2

Ability to measure solely component of interest

Rule in disease (if positive)

Question 3

Accuracy

Answer 3

How close it is to accepted value

Question 4

Precision

Answer 4

Ability to reproduce

Question 5

Hyponatremia causes

Answer 5

D/V
Meds
Excess water intake
Burns

Question 6

Hyponatremia symptoms

Answer 6

Confusion
Nausea
Cramps 
Fatigue
Seizures

Question 7

Hypokalemia causes

Answer 7

D/V
Diuretics
Renal disease

Question 8

Hypokalemia symptoms

Answer 8

Cardiac arrhtyhmias

Muscle cramping

Question 9

What meds can cause hyponatremia?

Answer 9

Diruetics

SSRIs

Question 10

Hyperkalemia causes

Answer 10

Renal failure
Excessive intake
Ace inhibitors
Aldosterone antagonists

Question 11

Hyperkalemia symptoms

Answer 11

Cardiac arrhythmias

Muscle weakness

Question 12

High CO2 causes

Answer 12

Hypoventilation

Lung disase

Question 13

Low CO2 causes

Answer 13

Chronic renal failure
Ketoacidosis
Addison’s disease
Hyperventilation

Question 14

Symptoms of CO2p

Answer 14

Dependent on cause or timing of onset

Question 15

BUN

Answer 15

Product of protein catabolism

Question 16

High BUN

Answer 16

Dehydration

Question 17

Low BUN

Answer 17

Malnutrition

Question 18

Low creatinine

Answer 18

Cachexia

Question 19

High creatinine

Answer 19

Renal dysfunction

Dehydration

Question 20

Creatinine

Answer 20

Product of muscle breakdown

Marker of renal function

Question 21

Hyperglycemia causes

Answer 21

Diabetes
Corticosteroids
Cushings disease
Extreme stress

Question 22

Hyperglycemia symptoms

Answer 22

Depends on severity

Question 23

Hypoglycemia causes

Answer 23

Diabetes

Meds

Question 24

Hypoglycemia symptoms

Answer 24

Sweating, tremor, hunger

Question 25

Hypocalceima causes

Answer 25

Dietary deficiency Hypoparathyroidism Vit D deficiency

Question 26

Hypocalcemia symptoms

Answer 26

Paresthesias around mouth Muscle cramping Tetany Seizures

Question 27

Hypercalcemia causes

Answer 27

Hyperparathyroidism | Paget’s disease

Question 28

Hypercalcemia symptoms

Answer 28

Renal insufficiency Nephrolithiasis Constipation

Question 29

High AST/ALT

Answer 29

Liver injury or inflammation Many causes

Question 30

Hyperalbuminemia causes

Answer 30

Dehydration | High protein

Question 31

Hypoalbuminema causes

Answer 31

Liver disease Loss of bowels or kidneys Malnutrition

Question 32

Hypoalbuminemia symptoms

Answer 32

Edema

Question 33

Alkaline phosphatase

Answer 33

Found mostly in liver and bones

Question 34

High alkaline phophstase

Answer 34

Liver disease Increased bone turnover High during pregnancy, growth

Question 35

Low alkaline phosphatase

Answer 35

Malnutrition | Wilsons disase

Question 36

False + pregnancy test

Answer 36

Recent miscarriage | Medications

Question 37

False - pregnancy

Answer 37

Testing too early

Question 38

False + ovulation

Answer 38

Irregular cycles PCOS Fertility meds

Question 39

False - ovulation

Answer 39

LH surge outside of time tested

Question 40

Small ketones

Answer 40

Re test in few hours

Question 41

Moderate to large ketones

Answer 41

Contact provider or medical attention

Question 42

Glucose false +

Answer 42

Ascorbic acid B lactam Levodopa Salicylates

Question 43

UTI - test

Answer 43

Still see provider

Question 44

Leukocytes +

Answer 44

Might not have been clean catch

Question 45

False positive in fecal occult blood testing

Answer 45

- aspirin or NSAIDs - iron - red meat - vitamin C - certain fruits and veggies

Question 46

HIV false -

Answer 46

If before 3 months after risk

Question 47

PT/INR testing?

Answer 47

Warfarin

Question 48

Warfarin cutoff to be confirmed with blood test

Answer 48

>4.5