Diarrhea

Question 1

With Diarrhea, what electrolytes will be low?

Answer 1

Bicarbonate

Potassium

Question 2

Acute Diarrhea is less than?

Answer 2

2 weeks

Question 3

Chronic Diarrhea is more than?

Answer 3

4 weeks

Question 4

Acute Diarrhea can be classified into what categories?

Answer 4

• Infectious

- Non-infectious

Question 5

Non-infectious Acute Diarrhea can be classified into what categories?

Answer 5

• Inflammatory

- Non-inflammatory

Question 6

Inflammatory acute diarrhea

Answer 6

Blood and pus in stool

Question 7

Non-inflammatory acute diarrhea

Answer 7

Watery

Question 8

What 2 things are common causes for Non-inflammatory Acute diarrhea?

Answer 8

Meds
Foods
(watery diarrhea)

Question 9

Most cases of Antibiotic - Associated Diarrhea are NOT attributable to?

Answer 9

C. Difficile

Question 10

What classificati/on does Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea fall into

Answer 10

Acute Diarrhea
- Non-infectious
– Non-inflammatory
= Watery diarrhea

Question 11

Antibiotic - Associated Diarrhea occurs while taking an antibiotic. When does it resolve?

Answer 11

After medication discontinuation

Question 12

3 most common causes of Chronic Diarrhea?

Answer 12

Lactose Intolerance
IBS
Medications

Question 13

3 most common causes of Chronic Diarrhea?

Answer 13

Lactose Intolerance
IBS
Medications

Question 14

Diagnostic for Chronic Diarrhea?

Answer 14

Endoscopic examination and mucosal biopsy

Question 15

Secretory Diarrhea

Answer 15

HIGH volume watery diarrhea

- persists during fasting

Question 16

Osmotic Diarrhea

Answer 16

Increased osmotic gap and gas production

- stops during fasting

Question 17

A majority of the diarrheas in this lecture are?

Answer 17

Osmotic Diarrhea

Question 18

3 things that characterize IBS?

Answer 18

Altered bowel habits
Abdominal pain
Absence of organic pathology

Question 19

What causes IBS?

Answer 19

Abnormal GI motility

Enhanced visceral sensation

Question 20

3 things that characterize IBS?

Answer 20

Altered bowel habits
Abdominal pain
Absence of organic pathology

Question 21

How do you treat IBS?

Answer 21

Low FODMAP diet

Question 22

Alarm symptoms will not be present with?

Answer 22

3 main causes of chronic diarrhea

= Lactose Intolerance, IBS, Meds

Question 23

What are some Alarm symptoms?

Answer 23

Acute onset
Nocturnal diarrhea
Fever and weight loss
Blood in the stool
FH of cancer, IBD, Celiac disease

Question 24

What are some Alarm symptoms?

Answer 24

Acute onset
Nocturnal diarrhea
Fever and weight loss
Blood in stool
FH of cancer, IBD, Celiac disease

Question 25

Secondary Lactase Deficiency can be caused by?

Answer 25

Crohn Disease | Celiac Disease

Question 26

What test can diagnose Lactase Deficiency?

Answer 26

Hydrogen breath test

Question 27

What causes Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

Answer 27

Clostridiodes Difficile

Question 28

What toxins does C. Difficile produce?

Answer 28

Cytotoxin A and B

Question 29

What is the stool like for C. Difficile - Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

Answer 29

Greenish, foul smelling, watery diarrhea 5-15 times a day

Question 30

Greenish, foul smelling, watery diarrhea 5-15 times a day could indicate?

Answer 30

C. Difficile -- Antibiotic - Associated Colitis

Question 31

What changes in the bowel will be seen with Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

Answer 31

``` Pseudomembranous Colitis (yellow adherent plaques) Volcano exudate of fibrin and neutrophils ```

Question 32

For C. Difficile, what sanitization is adequate?

Answer 32

Wash hands with soap and water

Question 33

What are risk factors for C. Difficile - Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

Answer 33

Age Hospitalizations Multiple/prolonged antibiotic use

Question 34

Ex. of antibiotics that can cause C. Difficile - Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

Answer 34

Ampicillin Clindamycin Cephalosporins Fluoroquinadones

Question 35

Complications of C. Difficile - Antibiotic - Associated Colitis?

Answer 35

Toxic Megacolon Hemodynamic instability Perforation and death

Question 36

What 2 things are seen on endoscopy of the bowel with Celiac Disease?

Answer 36

Loss of villi | Atrophy of duodenal folds

Question 37

What 2 things are seen on endoscopy of the bowel with Celiac Disease?

Answer 37

Loss of villi | Atrophy of duodenal folds

Question 38

Where are Bile salts absorbed?

Answer 38

Ileum

Question 39

Bile Salt Malabsorption involves loss of bile salts. What condition can impair their resorption?

Answer 39

Crohn Disease | -- Affects Ileum!!

Question 40

Symptoms of Bile Salt Malabsorption?

Answer 40

Steatorrhea Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins Watery - secretory diarrhea

Question 41

What are possible complications of Bile Salt Malabsorption?

Answer 41

Osteoporosis, Bleeding issues, Hypocalcemia | == Due to decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Question 42

Symptoms of Fecal Impaction?

Answer 42

Paradoxical Diarrhea | = Liquid stool leaks around impacted feces (overflow incontinence)

Question 43

Symptoms of Fecal Impaction?

Answer 43

Paradoxical Diarrhea | = Liquid stool leaks around impacted feces (overflow incontinence)

Question 44

What is a complication of Chronic Laxative use?

Answer 44

Melanosis Coli

Question 45

What is Melanosis Coli?

Answer 45

Complication of Chronic laxative use | = BENIGN hyperpigmentation of colon