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GI Summary Sheets JB > Diarrhoea > Flashcards

Diarrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Diarrhoea?

A

The passage of at least 3 loose stools in a period of 24 hours

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2
Q

Describe the two ways in which Diarrhoea can present?

A

Acutely and Chronically

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3
Q

Describe the causes of Acute Diarrhoea?

A

Infective, Acquired Abroad and Drugs

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4
Q

Describe infective acute diarrhoea?

A

May be caused by bacteria
May be caused by a virus
May be amoebic dissentry

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5
Q

Describe infective acute diarrhoea caused by bacteria?

A 
Four main causative agents:
E. Coli
Salmonella
Shigella
Campylobacter Helicobacter
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6
Q

Describe infective acute diarrhoea caused by viruses?

A

Rotoviruses (Most Common)

Norovirus

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7
Q

Describe infective acute diarrhoe caused by amoebas?

A

Causes amoebic dissentry

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8
Q

Describe diarrhoea obtained abroad?

A

Cholera
E.Coli
Giardiasis

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9
Q

Describe diarrhoea obtained abroad - Cholera?

A

Cholera leads to massive fluid loss and rice water stools

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10
Q

Describe diarrhoea obtained abroad - Ecoli

A

Ecoli from abroad is more aggressive than ecoli from home

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11
Q

Describe diarrhoea obtained abroad - Giardiasis

A

This is small bacteria that damages the mucous causing diarrhoea and malabsorption

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12
Q

Describe drug related acute diarrhoea?

A

May be caused by antibiotics

May be caused by laxatives

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13
Q

Describe how antibiotics cause acute diarrhoea?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics (Clarithromycin) kill all gut bacteria and allow resistant C.diff strains to proliferate and cause diarrhoea
Also, many antibiotics have laxative effects

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14
Q

Describe how laxatives cause acute diarrhoea?

A

Many patients take laxatives

Many drugs have diarrhoea as a side effect - Digoxin, PPIs (Especially Omeprazole)

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15
Q

Describe the causes of chronic diarrhoea?

A

Metabolic Disorders
Small Bowel Disease
Large Bowel Disease

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16
Q

Describe the metabolic disorders that lead to diarrhoea?

A

Anxiety
Hyperthyroidism
Thryotoxicosis

17
Q

Describe the small bowel diseases that lead to chronic diarrhoea?

A

Crohn’s Disease

Coeliac Disease

18
Q

Describe the large bowel diseases that lead to chronic diarrhoea?

A

Ulcerative Colitis
Colon Cancer
IBS

19
Q

Describe the investigations in diarrhoea and what they’re looking for?

A 
FBC = Anaemia, Leukocytosis
Anti-TTG = Coeliac Disease
Thyroid Function = Thyrotoxicosis
Stool Culture/Microscopy = Infection/Parasites
Sigmoidoscopy and Colonoscopy = Cancer

GI Summary Sheets JB (27 decks)

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