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Biology 9th Grade > Digestion, Macromolecules, Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Digestion, Macromolecules, Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Important of a balanced diet?

A

Provides necessary nutrients and energy

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2
Q

Why do human needs to consume food for energy?

A

The food is broken down into ATP during digestion

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3
Q

What are the elements in carbohydrates?

A

1 carbon, 2 oxygen, 1 hydrogen

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4
Q

What are the elements in protein?

A

Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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5
Q

What are the elements in lipids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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6
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose

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7
Q

What is the polymer of carbohydrates?

A

Starch

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8
Q

What are carbohydrates functions?

A

Main source of energy

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9
Q

Where are carbs digested and what enzymes are involved?

A

In the salivary glands using analyze

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10
Q

Monomer of protein?

A

Amino acids

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11
Q

Polymer of proteins?

A

Protein

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12
Q

Function of protein?

A

Controls rate of enzyme reactions

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13
Q

Place where proteins are digested and enzyme used?

A

Stomach using pepsin

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14
Q

Monomer of lipids?

A

Triglyceride

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15
Q

Polymer of lipids

A

Fatty acids

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16
Q

Function of lipids

A

Stores energy

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17
Q

Place where lipids are digested and enzyme used?

A

Pancreas using lipase

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18
Q

Function of mouth

A

Teeth to chew food and enzymes to chemically break down food

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19
Q

Function of salivary glands

A

Makes enzymes for digestion in the mouth

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20
Q

Function of Esophagus

A

Connects mouth to stomach

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21
Q

Function of liver

A

Makes bile; stores iron; detoxifies chemicals

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22
Q

Function of gall bladder

A

Stores bile before it is released into the small intestine

23
Q

Function of stomach

A

Strong muscles to grind up food and uses acid to chemically break down food

24
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Releases digestive enzymes and insulin into small intestine

25
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Some food breakdown and lots of nutrient absorption into the blood stream

26
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Absorbs water into body

27
Q

Function of anus

A

Exit for all undigested food and waste

28
Q

What is a substrate

A

The substance with which an enzyme reacts

29
Q

What is the active site

A

The place where the reaction takes place

30
Q

What is meant by enzyme specificity

A

Refers to the tendency for enzymes to catalyze a specific set of chemical reactions

31
Q

What is a monosaccharide

A

A type of sugar molecule from the food you eat that are absorbed from your gut into your blood and carried to the cells in your body for energy

32
Q

What is a disaccharide

A

A type of sugar molecule that needs to be broken down into monosaccharide components before it can be absorbed into the blood

33
Q

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+36 ATP (glucose+oxygen converts to carbon dioxide+water+36 ATP)

34
Q

What are the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

35
Q

Where does glycolysis take place

A

Cytoplasm

36
Q

What is used in glycolysis?

A

Glucose

37
Q

What is the output of glycolysis

A

2 pyruvate

38
Q

How much atp is produced after glycolysis

A

2

39
Q

Where does the Kreb’s Cycle take place

A

Mitochondria

40
Q

What is the input of the Kreb’s Cycle

A

2 puruvate

41
Q

What is the output of the Kreb’s Cycle

A

CO2

42
Q

How much ATP is produced after the Kreb’s Cycle

A

2

43
Q

Where does ETC take place

A

Mitochondria

44
Q

What is the input of ETC

A

Hydrogen and electrons

45
Q

What is the output of the ETC

A

water and carbon dioxide

46
Q

How much ATP is produced after the ETC

A

32

47
Q

What are the two kinds of anaerobic cellular respiration

A

Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

48
Q

What are the steps of lactic acid fermentation

A
  1. Glycolysis

2. Two pyruvates convert into lactic acid because of the lack of oxygen

49
Q

What are the steps of alcoholic fermentation

A
  1. Glycolysis

2. Two pyruvate turn into ethanol and carbon dioxide

50
Q

What happens during glycolysis

A

In the cytoplasm, glucose molecules are broken down into two pyruvate and two ATP are formed

51
Q

What happens during the Kreb’s Cycle?

A

In the mitochondria, the two pyruvate turn into CO2, hydrogen, and electrons, two ATP is produced

52
Q

What happens during the Electron Transport Chain

A

In the mitochondria, the hydrogen and electron are added to oxygen, these combine to make six water molecules and 32 ATP

53
Q

What is the goal of cellular respiration?

A

To break down food into energy

Biology 9th Grade (4 decks)

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