Digestive System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Digestive System Deck (55)
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1
Q

Bolus

A

Chewed food mixed with saliva

2
Q

Chyme

A

Bolus after it has been processed by the stomach

3
Q

Digestive Organs (GI Tract)

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

4
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

5
Q

Functions of digestive system

A

Ingestion, digestion, propulsion, secretion, absorption, and elimination of wastes

6
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Physical break down of ingested material

7
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Break down of ingested material by enzymes

8
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

9
Q

Two types of movement involved in propulsion

A

Peristalsis and segmentation (churning/mixing in small intestine)

10
Q

Mucus

A

Mucin + Water

11
Q

Epithelial Lining of Oral Cavity

A

Stratified Squamous

12
Q

Two regions of oral cavity

A

vestibule and oral cavity proper

13
Q

Oral Vestibule

A

Space between cheeks/lips and gums

14
Q

Oral Cavity Proper

A

central to alveolar processes of alveolar processes of the mandible and maxillae

15
Q

Lips

A

Orbicularis Oris muscle

16
Q

Cheeks

A

Buccinator muscle

17
Q

Labial Frenulum

A

Thin mucosa fold connecting lips to gums

18
Q

Palate

A

Separates oral and nasal cavity

19
Q

Hard palate

A

Anterior 2/3 of palate. Formed by maxillae and palatine bones.

20
Q

Soft palate

A

Posterior 1/3 of palate. Primarily composed of skeletal muscle.

21
Q

Uvula

A

Extension of soft palate. Elevates during swallowing to block nasopharynx.

22
Q

Fauces

A

Opening between oral cavity and oropharynx. Bounded by muscular folds (palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches)

23
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

Within fauces (between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches)

24
Q

Parotid duct

A

Extends from parotid gland to oral vestibule near second upper molar

25
Q

Submandibular duct

A

Extends from submandibular gland to floor of mouth (just lateral to lingual frenulum)

26
Q

Mucous Cells

A

Secrete mucin - froms mucus

27
Q

Serous Cells

A

Secrete watery fluid containing ions, lysozyme, amylase

28
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of submandibular and sublingual glands

A

CN VII (facial)

29
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of parotid glands

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

30
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

Stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transvers, sigmoid colons

31
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

Lie directly against posterior abdominal wall (not within peritoneum). Duodenum, pancreas, ascending, descending colons, rectum

32
Q

Mesenteries

A

Folds of peritoneum that support/ stabilize intraperitoneal GI tract organs. Vessels and nerves travel within these folds

33
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Mesentery extending inferiorly from greater curvature of stomach. Covers most abdominal organs

34
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Mesentery connecting lesser curvature of stomach to liver

35
Q

Mesentery Proper

A

Mesentery that suspends jejunum and ileum

36
Q

Mesocolon

A

Mesentery of transverse and sigmoid colons

37
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

Peritoneal fold that attaches liver to anterior internal abdominal wall.

38
Q

Histology of Esophagus

A

Stratified squamous epithelium; thick submucosa

39
Q

Histology of Stomach

A

No goblet cells; mucosa contains gastric pits (with gastric glands); Has an inner oblique and middle circular layer of muscularis

40
Q

Histology of Small Intestine (General)

A

Mucosa has villi

41
Q

Histology of duodenum

A

Submucosal glands (Brunner glands)

42
Q

Histology of jejunum

A

Most prominent circular folds and largest villi (Compared to duodenum and ileum)

43
Q

Histology of ileum

A

Most goblet cells and Peyer’s patches (compared to duodenum and ileum)

44
Q

Hormones produced by pineal gland

A

Melatonin

45
Q

Histology of Large Intestine

A

Mucosa contains intestinal glands

46
Q

Hormones produced by hypothalamus

A

Oxytocin, ADH

47
Q

Hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland

A

ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, MSH

48
Q

Hormones produced by posterior pituitary gland

A

Trick question!relese of oxytocin and ADH

49
Q

Hormones produced by parathyroid gland

A

Parathyroid hormone

50
Q

Hormones produced by thyroid

A

T4, T3, Calcitonin

51
Q

Hormones produced my adrenal glands (Medulla)

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

52
Q

Hormones produced by adrenal glands (Cortex)

A

Aldosterone, androgens, cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone

53
Q

Hormones produced by pancreas

A

Insulin and glucagon

54
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

55
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland