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IMMUNOHEMA (LABORATORY) > DIRECT BLOOD TYPING > Flashcards

DIRECT BLOOD TYPING Flashcards

1
Q

It is the process of testing of blood sample to determine an individual’s blood group.

A

Blood Typing

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2
Q

Blood Typing uses what?

A

Commercially prepared antisera (forward) or Known Red Cell Suspension (Reverse)

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3
Q

What rules are applied in blood typing?

A

Rules of Specificity

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4
Q

What are the TWO Rules of Specificity?

A
  1. If the antigen is SPECIFIC to the antibody, there is always a + reaction
  2. If the antigen is NON-SPECIFIC to the antibody, there is NO reaction
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5
Q

If the antigen is specific to the antibody, what is the reaction produced?

A

A positive reaction

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6
Q

If the antigen is NON specific to the antibody, what is the reaction produced?

A

NO REACTION

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7
Q

What are the methods of Blood Typing?

A
  1. Slide method
  2. Tube method
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8
Q

This method is used for rapid blood typing

A

Slide method

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9
Q

This is method is used for routine blood typing

A

Tube method

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10
Q

This method is used for bed-side typing

A

Slide method

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11
Q

This method is only performed for FORWARD/DIRECT BLOOD TYPING

A

Slide method

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12
Q

This method is used when BOTH forward and reverse typing are performed

A

Tube method

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13
Q

This method involves centrifugation

A

Tube method

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14
Q

This method is the “screening procedure”

A

Forward/Direct/Cell Grouping

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15
Q

What is the principle in Forward/Direct/Cell Grouping?

A

To detect unkown antigen using commercially prepared typing sera

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16
Q

What is the reagent used in Forward/Direct/Cell Grouping?

A

Commercially prepared typing sera that has 1:256 potency level

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17
Q

What is the potency level of the commercially prepared typing sera used in forward/Direct/Cell Grouping?

A

1:256

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18
Q

it is the relative strength of the antibody present in
the reagent.

A

Potency level

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19
Q

Principle: To detect unknown antigen using commercially prepared typing
sera. Which Blood Typing Method does this principle apply to?

A

Forward/Direct/Cell Grouping

20
Q

It is the source of monoclonal anti-A antibody

A

Blood type B serum

21
Q

It is the Coloring agent/dye for Anti-A typing serum

A

BLUE DYE

22
Q

What are examples of blue coloring agents?

A
  1. Thymol blue
  2. Bromphenol blue
  3. Phenol blue
  4. Patent blue
  5. Trypan blue
23
Q

used as a preservative in typing sera.

A

0.1 Sodium azide

24
Q

It has an antimicrobial properties that prevents the growth of microorganisms in
the typing serum.

A

0.1 Sodium azide

25
Q

It is the source of monoclonal anti-B antibody

A

Blood type A serum

26
Q

It is the Coloring agent/dye for Anti-B typing serum

A

YELLOW DYE

27
Q

What are examples of yellow coloring agents?

A
  1. Acriflavin yellow
  2. Tartrazine yellow
28
Q

What are examples of yellow coloring agents?

A
  1. Acriflavin yellow
  2. Tartrazine yellow
29
Q

Reagents in forward blood typing have 3 utilities. What are they?

A
  1. Detects A and B antigens
  2. useful in ABO subgroupings
  3. Used as control in forward typing
30
Q

Reagents in forward blood typing may be used as a control

True or False

A

TRUE

31
Q

If reagents in forward typing is used as a CONTROL:

What must the result be If Anti A and/or Anti B is POSITIVE?

A

Anti AB should be POSITIVE

32
Q

If reagents in forward typing is used as a CONTROL:

What must the result be If Anti A and/or Anti B is NEGATIVE?

A

Anti AB should be NEGATIVE

33
Q

If reagents in forward typing is used as a CONTROL:

What must the result be If Anti A and/or Anti B is NEGATIVE?

A

Anti AB should be NEGATIVE

34
Q

What is the source of polyclonal anti-AB antibody?

A

“O” Serum

35
Q

Forward Blood Typing Procedure

What is the recommended measurement of the tubes used for this procedure?

A

10 or 12 x 75 mm tubes

36
Q

Forward Blood Typing Procedure

The tube may be left at the room temperature for five minutes before centrifugation

True or False

A

TRUE

37
Q

Forward Blood Typing Procedure

Tubes may be spun at once 1000-2000 r.p.m. for 2 minutes

True or False

A

1 minute

FALSE

38
Q

Forward Blood Typing Procedure

As an alternative to centrifugation, sedimented cells may be read after
standing 30 mins at room temperature, but this is less specific

True or False

A

1 hour at room temp; less sensitive

FALSE

39
Q

Forward Blood Typing Procedure

Tube is to be read under the low power of the microscope

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

40
Q

It will also detect the weakly reacting subgroups of A

A

Forwad Blood Typing

NOT SURE ETO

41
Q

This is used to confirm group O blood and to identify rare subgroups of A.

A

Forward Blood Typing

NOTE SURE ETO

42
Q

This antiserum will agglutinate cells of groups A, B and AB, but not group O.

A

Forward Blood Typing: Test Tube method

NOT SURE ETO

43
Q

This antiserum will agglutinate cells of groups A, B and AB, but not group O.

A

Forward Blood Typing: Test Tube method

NOT SURE ETO

44
Q

This procedure uses a flat slide and red cells from clotted or anti coagulated
blood

A

Forward Blood Typing: Slide Method

45
Q

How many percent of saline suspension of red cells must be prepared in a forward typing slide method?

A

10% saline suspension

46
Q

For forward typing slide methods, agglutination may be weakened at temperatured above what?

A

above 22 degC

IMMUNOHEMA (LABORATORY) (7 decks)

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