DIRECT BLOOD TYPING

Question 1

It is the process of testing of blood sample to determine an individual’s blood group.

Answer 1

Blood Typing

Question 2

Blood Typing uses what?

Answer 2

Commercially prepared antisera (forward) or Known Red Cell Suspension (Reverse)

Question 3

What rules are applied in blood typing?

Answer 3

Rules of Specificity

Question 4

What are the TWO Rules of Specificity?

Answer 4

1. If the antigen is SPECIFIC to the antibody, there is always a + reaction
2. If the antigen is NON-SPECIFIC to the antibody, there is NO reaction

Question 5

If the antigen is specific to the antibody, what is the reaction produced?

Answer 5

A positive reaction

Question 6

If the antigen is NON specific to the antibody, what is the reaction produced?

Answer 6

NO REACTION

Question 7

What are the methods of Blood Typing?

Answer 7

1. Slide method
2. Tube method

Question 8

This method is used for rapid blood typing

Answer 8

Slide method

Question 9

This is method is used for routine blood typing

Answer 9

Tube method

Question 10

This method is used for bed-side typing

Answer 10

Slide method

Question 11

This method is only performed for FORWARD/DIRECT BLOOD TYPING

Answer 11

Slide method

Question 12

This method is used when BOTH forward and reverse typing are performed

Answer 12

Tube method

Question 13

This method involves centrifugation

Answer 13

Tube method

Question 14

This method is the “screening procedure”

Answer 14

Forward/Direct/Cell Grouping

Question 15

What is the principle in Forward/Direct/Cell Grouping?

Answer 15

To detect unkown antigen using commercially prepared typing sera

Question 16

What is the reagent used in Forward/Direct/Cell Grouping?

Answer 16

Commercially prepared typing sera that has 1:256 potency level

Question 17

What is the potency level of the commercially prepared typing sera used in forward/Direct/Cell Grouping?

Answer 17

1:256

Question 18

it is the relative strength of the antibody present in
the reagent.

Answer 18

Potency level

Question 19

Principle: To detect unknown antigen using commercially prepared typing
sera. Which Blood Typing Method does this principle apply to?

Answer 19

Forward/Direct/Cell Grouping

Question 20

It is the source of monoclonal anti-A antibody

Answer 20

Blood type B serum

Question 21

It is the Coloring agent/dye for Anti-A typing serum

Answer 21

BLUE DYE

Question 22

What are examples of blue coloring agents?

Answer 22

1. Thymol blue
2. Bromphenol blue
3. Phenol blue
4. Patent blue
5. Trypan blue

Question 23

used as a preservative in typing sera.

Answer 23

0.1 Sodium azide

Question 24

It has an antimicrobial properties that prevents the growth of microorganisms in
the typing serum.

Answer 24

0.1 Sodium azide

Question 25

It is the source of monoclonal anti-B antibody

Answer 25

Blood type A serum

Question 26

It is the Coloring agent/dye for Anti-B typing serum

Answer 26

YELLOW DYE

Question 27

What are examples of yellow coloring agents?

Answer 27

1. Acriflavin yellow 2. Tartrazine yellow

Question 28

What are examples of yellow coloring agents?

Answer 28

1. Acriflavin yellow 2. Tartrazine yellow

Question 29

Reagents in forward blood typing have 3 utilities. What are they?

Answer 29

1. Detects A and B antigens 2. useful in ABO subgroupings 3. Used as control in forward typing

Question 30

Reagents in forward blood typing may be used as a control | True or False

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

# If reagents in forward typing is used as a CONTROL: What must the result be If Anti A and/or Anti B is POSITIVE?

Answer 31

Anti AB should be POSITIVE

Question 32

# If reagents in forward typing is used as a CONTROL: What must the result be If Anti A and/or Anti B is NEGATIVE?

Answer 32

Anti AB should be NEGATIVE

Question 33

# If reagents in forward typing is used as a CONTROL: What must the result be If Anti A and/or Anti B is NEGATIVE?

Answer 33

Anti AB should be NEGATIVE

Question 34

What is the source of polyclonal anti-AB antibody?

Answer 34

“O” Serum

Question 35

# Forward Blood Typing Procedure What is the recommended measurement of the tubes used for this procedure?

Answer 35

10 or 12 x 75 mm tubes

Question 36

# Forward Blood Typing Procedure The tube may be left at the room temperature for five minutes before centrifugation | True or False

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

# Forward Blood Typing Procedure Tubes may be spun at once 1000-2000 r.p.m. for 2 minutes | True or False

Answer 37

1 minute | FALSE

Question 38

# Forward Blood Typing Procedure As an alternative to centrifugation, sedimented cells may be read after standing 30 mins at room temperature, but this is less specific | True or False

Answer 38

1 hour at room temp; less sensitive | FALSE

Question 39

# Forward Blood Typing Procedure Tube is to be read under the low power of the microscope | TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

It will also detect the weakly reacting subgroups of A

Answer 40

Forwad Blood Typing | NOT SURE ETO

Question 41

This is used to confirm group O blood and to identify rare subgroups of A.

Answer 41

Forward Blood Typing | NOTE SURE ETO

Question 42

This antiserum will agglutinate cells of groups A, B and AB, but not group O.

Answer 42

Forward Blood Typing: Test Tube method | NOT SURE ETO

Question 43

This antiserum will agglutinate cells of groups A, B and AB, but not group O.

Answer 43

Forward Blood Typing: Test Tube method | NOT SURE ETO

Question 44

This procedure uses a flat slide and red cells from clotted or anti coagulated blood

Answer 44

Forward Blood Typing: Slide Method

Question 45

How many percent of saline suspension of red cells must be prepared in a forward typing slide method?

Answer 45

10% saline suspension

Question 46

For forward typing slide methods, agglutination may be weakened at temperatured above what?

Answer 46

above 22 degC