Disease

Question 1

severe form of pyelo marked with production of gas. Seen exclusively in DM pt.

Answer 1

Emphysematous pyelo.

Question 2

Xanthogranulomatous pyelo.

Answer 2

Staghorn calculi, occurs when chronic obstruction together w/ chronic infection leads to destruction of renal tissue.

Question 3

How would you treat a patient with stones caused by uric acid (pH<5.5)

Answer 3

Allopurinol, it is used to lower uric acid levels & hence treat Gout as well which is a risk factor for the development of these stones

Question 4

what are the most common cause of recurrent stones in children

Answer 4

hyperoxalate

Question 5

what is a risk factor for the Struvite (staghorn nephrolithiasis) (pH>7.5)

Answer 5

*recurrent UTI’s, FB, neurogenic bladder

Question 6

Why would someone want to order the pH of a pt’s urine with a stone?

Answer 6

Can help determine the type…

Question 7

How would one treat struvite?

Answer 7

lithotripsy

Question 8

What are some causes of hypercaliuria?

Answer 8

Hereditary, Absorption in GI, **Hyperparathyroidism (increased bone demineralization), Renal failure

Question 9

How could you treat a patient with recurrent stones caused by a renal failure to reabsorb ca

Answer 9

Thiazides (retain Ca++ while blocking Na, Cl pump- excreting Na & water)